According to most Muslim scholars, the Ark of the Covenant has a religious basis in Islam, and Islam gives it special significance.

According to historian Bernard Lewis, Islamism, ( or as he terms it " activist " Islam ), along with " quietism ," form two " particular ... political traditions " in Islam.

According to the Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World

According to the authoritative Dictionary of Islam jihad is defined as: " A religious war with those who are unbelievers in the mission of Muhammad ... enjoined especially for the purpose of advancing Islam and repelling evil from Muslims.

According to Magieduruge Ibrahim Didi, a learned man from Fua Mulaku, it was merely the name which the converted Maldivians used to refer to their infidel ( ghair dīn = ' redin ') ancestors after the general conversion from Buddhism to Islam.

According to Stephen Suleyman Schwartz, in his book " The Two Faces of Islam ", “ some say that during this vagabondage Ibn Abdul Wahhab came into contact with certain Englishmen who encouraged him to personal ambition as well as to a critical attitude about Islam .” Specifically, Mir ’ at al Harramin, a Turkish work by Ayyub Sabri Pasha, written in 1888, states that in Basra, Abdul Wahhab had come into contact with a British spy by the name of Hempher, who “ inspired in him the tricks and lies that he had learned from the British Ministry of the Commonwealth .”

According to Islam, the sawab ( rewards ) of fasting are many, but in this month they are believed to be multiplied.

According to Encyclopaedia of Islam, although Kurdish is not a unified language, its many dialects are interrelated and at the same time distinguishable from other western Iranian languages.

According to the early Slavic chronicle called Tale of Bygone Years, which describes life in Kyivan Rus ' up to the year 1110, he sent his envoys throughout the civilized world to judge at first hand the major religions of the time — Islam, Roman Catholicism, Judaism, and Byzantine Orthodoxy.

According to the commentary of the same scholar this does not refer to Jewish converts to Islam, rather the main corpus of the Jews, arguing that it refers to the traditions mentioned in the Bible: " His window being open in his chambers towards Jerusalem, he kneeled upon his knees three times a day, and prayed, and gave thanks before his God as he gave aforetime.

According to some scholars, if a Muslim consciously and without coercion declares their rejection of Islam and does not change their mind after the time allocated by a judge for research, then the penalty for male apostates is death, and for women life imprisonment.

According to Islam, God, known in Arabic as Allah, is the all-powerful and all-knowing Creator, Sustainer, Ordainer, and Judge of the universe.

According to David Ownby, religion has, since 1912, been defined to refer to " world-historical faiths " that have " well-developed institutions, clergy, and textual traditions "— namely, Buddhism, Daoism, Islam, Protestantism and Catholicism.

According to Coogan, Ahmed Rami, a former Moroccan military officer who founded Radio Islam to disseminate antisemitic, Holocaust denial, and pro-Nazi propaganda, teamed up with the IHR to organize a conference in a Hezbollah-controlled section of Beirut, Lebanon.

According to the Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World, the meaning of hijab has evolved over time:

According to the book, Sultan Muizuddin Sam Ghaor ( f. 1195-95 A. D .) dedicated two villages in favour of Jama Masjid, Multan, and, handed its administration to the Shaikhul Islam ( highest ecclesiastical officer of the Empire ).

According to the ' American Friends of Bilderberg ', the 2008 agenda dealt " mainly with a nuclear free world, cyber terrorism, Africa, Russia, finance, protectionism, US-EU relations, Afghanistan and Pakistan, Islam and Iran ".

According to Pakistani religious scholar, Javed Ahmed Ghamidi, nothing in Islam supports blasphemy law.

According to the above hadith, in Islam a person's du ' a will not be accepted by God if he earns unlawful money.

According to Asbridge, the spread of Islam was unimportant because " Islam and Christendom had coexisted for centuries in relative equanimity ".

According to Viktor Frankl, the author of Man's Search for Meaning, when a person is faced with extreme mortal dangers, the most basic of all human wishes is to find a meaning of life to combat the " trauma of nonbeing " as death is near.

According to Maimonides, an afterlife continues for the soul of every human being, a soul now separated from the body in which it was " housed " during its earthly existence.

According to the theory, the human experience of moral obligations was the result of evolutionary pressures, which attached a sense of morality to human psychology because it was useful for moral development ; this entail that moral values do not exist independently of the human mind.

According to these statements, claims that one or more denominations might be the " true Church " are nothing more than propaganda which has evolved over centuries to support authoritarian claims --- based on tradition or based on scripture --- of merely human institutions.

According to Marschall, Li ' l Abner gradually evolved into a broad satire of human nature.

According to the Bahá ' í teachings the human purpose is to learn to know and love God through such methods as prayer, reflection, and being of service to humankind.

According to a 2003 study undertaken by the International Diabetes Federation ( IDF ) on the access to and availability of insulin in its member countries, synthetic ' human ' insulin is considerably more expensive in most countries where both synthetic ' human ' and animal insulin are commercially available: e. g. within European countries the average price of synthetic ' human ' insulin was twice as high as the price of pork insulin.

According to moral values, human behavior may also depend upon the common, usual, unusual, acceptable or unacceptable behavior of others.

According to this research, genetic markers commonly found in modern humans worldwide suggest that today many people carry a gene that evolved as protection against the brain diseases that can be spread by consuming human brain tissue.

" According to Dhanis ' medical officer, Captain Hinde, their town of Ngandu had " at least 2, 000 polished human skulls " as a " solid white pavement in front " of its gates, with human skulls crowning every post of the stockade.

According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Mohist consequentialism, dating back to the 5th century BCE, is the " world's earliest form of consequentialism, a remarkably sophisticated version based on a plurality of intrinsic goods taken as constitutive of human welfare.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the translation of the French term into " human creature " implies that the label " Christian " is a reminder of the humanity of the afflicted, in contrast to brute beasts.

According to Hailsham, a former chairman of the British Conservative Party, " Conservatism is not so much a philosophy as an attitude, a constant force, performing a timeless function in the development of a free society, and corresponding to a deep and permanent requirement of human nature itself.

According to E. K. Hunt, classical liberals made four assumptions about human nature: People were " egoistic, coldly calculating, essentially inert and atomistic ".

According to Anthony Quinton, classical liberals believe that " an unfettered market " is the most efficient mechanism to satisfy human needs and channel resources to their most productive uses: they " are more suspicious than conservatives of all but the most minimal government.

According to some of their contemporary enemies Cathars did not accept the Trinitarian understanding of Jesus, but considered him the human form of an angel similar to Docetic Christology.

According to Tibor R. Machan, " Without a market in which allocations can be made in obedience to the law of supply and demand, it is difficult or impossible to funnel resources with respect to actual human preferences and goals.

According to Jordania, this trance-inducing ability of dance comes from human evolutionary past and includes as well a phenomenon of military drill which is also based on shared rhythmic and monotonous group activity.

According to Rand, voluntary trade alone can assure that human interaction is mutually beneficial.

According to the principal editor of the journal, Leonard Lewisohn: " Although a number of major Islamic poets easily rival the likes of Dante, Shakespeare and Milton in importance and output, they still enjoy only a marginal literary fame in the West because the works of Arabic and Persian thinkers, writers and poets are considered as negligible, frivolous, tawdry sideshows beside the grand narrative of the Western Canon.

According to one tradition it was Mani himself who invented the unique version of the Syriac script called Manichaean script, which was used in all of the Manichaean works written within the Persian Empire, whether they were in Syriac or Middle Persian, and also for most of the works written within the Uyghur Empire.

According to Pamuk it was a defining character of cultural works from Istanbul after the fall of the Ottoman Empire.

According to one view, that of Christian Lindtner, the works definitely written by Nagarjuna are:

According to one Rand biographer, most people first read Rand's works in their " formative years.

According to Sony Pictures, " The objective for our Anonymous program, as stated in the classroom literature, is ' to encourage critical thinking by challenging students to examine the theories about the authorship of Shakespeare's works and to formulate their own opinions.

According to Wesleyan understanding, good works were the fruit of one's salvation, not the way in which that salvation was earned.

According to art critic Robert Hughes, van Gogh's late works show an artist at the height of his ability, completely in control and " longing for concision and grace ".

According to the canon of the Classical Greek Sculptor Polykleitos in the 4th century BC, it is one of the most important characteristics of his figurative works and those of his successors, Lysippos, Skopas, etc.

According to the law of most countries ( including all members of the World Trade Organization ), Ravel's works have been in the public domain since January 1, 2008.

According to Vacca and Statius, Lucan's works included:

According to the EIB, in these countries, the institution works to implement the financial pillar of the union's external cooperation and development policies: private sector development, infrastructure development, security of energy supply, environmental sustainability.

According to Professor Anne Beauchemin from McGill University, most Neoimpressionist painters probably did not read Chevreul's books, but instead they read Grammaire des arts du dessin, written in 1867 by Charles Blanc, who cited Chevreul's works.

According to recent research, La rhétorique des dieux may consist of works not composed by Denis Gaultier, or original works by him changed by unknown scribes.

Medieval alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan's Book of Stones According to the Opinion of Balīnās contains an exposition and analysis of views expressed in Arabic occult works attributed to Apollonius.

According to the San Francisco Chronicle, " This mystery set in the most infamous Jewish ghetto of World War II deserves a place among the most important works of Holocaust literature.

According to Moore, the concept behind the series was initially a " Justice League of Victorian England " but quickly grew into an opportunity to merge several works of fiction into one world.

According to Dōgen scholar Steven Heine: " Dogen's poetic and philosophical works are characterized by a continual effort to express the inexpressible by perfecting imperfectable speech through the creative use of wordplay, neologism, and lyricism, as well as the recasting of traditional expressions ".

According to the punk aesthetic, one can express oneself and produce moving and serious works with limited means and technical ability.

According to the later idea of Medusa as a beautiful maiden, whose hair had been changed into snakes by Athena, the head was represented in works of art with a wonderfully handsome face, wrapped in the calm repose of death.

According to George Coedès, the weakening of Angkor's royal government by ongoing war and the erosion of the cult of the devaraja undermined the government's ability to engage in important public works, such as the construction and maintenance of the waterways essential for irrigation of the rice fields upon which Angkor's large population depended for its sustenance.

According to local historians and published works, the wife of a postmaster was a devoted fan of the works of the composer Richard Wagner, and she shared that composer's interest in Norse mythology.