In England, an Oath of Abjuration was taken by Members of Parliament, clergy, and laymen, pledging to support the current British monarch and repudiated the right of the Stuarts and other claimants to the throne.

After the Act of Abjuration was proclaimed in 1581 Delft became the de facto capital of the newly independent Netherlands, as the seat of the Prince of Orange.

This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II.

He later determined that salvation was dependant upon having the theology he had developed for baptism to be effective for salvation and published an " Confession and Abjuration " of his previous position on March 3rd 1847.

The secession of the States-General and the area under their nominal control from the Spanish Crown was formalized by the Act of Abjuration of July 26, 1581.

The Act of Abjuration or Plakkaat van Verlatinghe, signed on 26 July 1581, was the formal declaration of independence of the Dutch Low Countries from the Spanish king, Philip II.

A committee of four members – Andries Hessels, greffier ( secretary ) of the States of Brabant ; Jacques Tayaert, pensionary of the city of Ghent ; Jacob Valcke, pensionary of the city of Ter Goes ( now Goes ); and Pieter van Dieven ( also known as Petrus Divaeus ), pensionary of the city of Mechelen – was charged with drafting what was to become the Act of Abjuration.

This form, which is strikingly similar to that of the American Declaration of Independence, has given rise to speculations that Thomas Jefferson, when he was writing the latter, was at least inspired by the Act of Abjuration.

Nominally, Holland was still a county, but it had deposed its last count in the Act of Abjuration in 1581, and from then on essentially functioned as a province and not as a county.

One example would be the situation that led to the Act of Abjuration or Plakkaat van Verlatinghe, signed on July 26, 1581 in the Netherlands, an instance where changing sides was given a positive meaning.

Led by William of Orange, independence was declared in the 1581 Act of Abjuration.

The Act of Abjuration, signed on July 26, 1581, was the formal declaration of independence of the Dutch Low Countries.

Abjuration is the solemn repudiation, abandonment, or renunciation by or upon oath, often the renunciation of citizenship or some other right or privilege.

In England ( and after 1707 Great Britain ) the Oath of Abjuration denied the royal title of James II's heirs ( i. e. the direct Catholic descendent of the House of Stuart exiled after the Glorious Revolution in 1688 ).

* 1581 – Plakkaat van Verlatinghe ( Act of Abjuration ): the northern Low Countries declare their independence from the Spanish king, Philip II.

After the Act of Abjuration in 1581, the United Provinces flouted the authority of the King of Spain.

** The Northern Netherlands ( Union of Utrecht ) proclaim their independence from Spain in the Act of Abjuration.

That same year, the northern Low Countries ( i. e. the Netherlands proper ) seized independence in the Act of Abjuration ( Plakkaat van Verlatinghe ) and started the United Provinces and the Dutch Golden Age.

In addition, the Act of Abjuration, essentially the declaration of independence of the United Provinces, is strikingly similar to the later American Declaration of Independence, though concrete evidence that the former directly influenced the latter is absent.

However, the Union contributed to the deterioration in the relationship between the provinces and their lord, and in 1581 the United Provinces declared their independence of the king in the Act of Abjuration.

When the northern Netherlands revolted against King Philip II of Spain in the Dutch Revolt, the three northern quarters of Gelderland joined the Union of Utrecht and became part of the United Provinces upon the 1581 Act of Abjuration, while only the Upper Quarter remained a part of the Spanish Netherlands.

Other gatherings such as the Union of Brussels ( 1577 ) and the Union of Utrecht ( 1579 ) paved the way for official independence of the Netherlands, declared in the Act of Abjuration in 1581.

On April 23, 1985, three of the four remaining priests " formally and publicly " took an " Abjuration of Error and Profession of Faith ad cautelam " before Bishop Musey in case, through their previous actions, they had incurred any ecclesiastical censures.

By this time, the religious and political upheaval in the Low Countries had resulted in 1581's Act of Abjuration, deposing their king, Philip II of Spain and the subsequent eighty years ' struggle to confirm that declaration.

The rebellious States-General decided on 14 June 1581 to officially declare the throne vacant, because of Philip's behavior, hence the Dutch name for the Act of Abjuration: " Plakkaat van Verlatinghe ", which may be translated as " Placard of Desertion.

She started back for the house, saw a light in the office, opened the door and surprised a domestic little scene which was far outside the dark realm of murder or attempted murder.

At the end of the Devonian period (), the seas, rivers and lakes were teeming with life but the land was the realm of early plants and devoid of vertebrates though some, such as Ichthyostega, may have sometimes hauled themselves out of the water.

She is one of a few characters who played a major part in the original cause of the Trojan War itself: not only did she offer Helen of Troy to Paris, but the abduction was accomplished when Paris, seeing Helen for the first time, was inflamed with desire to have her — which is Aphrodite's realm.

Terracing, however, was only extensively employed after Incan imperial expansions to fuel their expanding realm.

After Alexander's death, his strong realm was plunged into a period of darkness that would eventually lead to war with England.

Restoring religion and learning in Wessex, Abels contends, was to Alfred's mind as essential to the defence of his realm as the building of the burhs.

Joan II and Louis III again took possession of the realm, although the true power was in the hands of Gianni Caracciolo.

Salieri's first great success was in the realm of serious opera.

The division of the realm was confirmed in 880 on Carloman ’ s death.

Arnulf, having distinguished himself in the war against the Slavs was elected by the nobles of the realm ( only the eastern realm, though Charles had ruled the whole of the Frankish lands ) and assumed his title of King of East Francia.

She was one of the first women to explore fully the realm of erotic writing, and certainly the first prominent woman in the modern West to write erotica.

` Abdu ' l-Bahá was born in Tehran to an aristocratic family of the realm.

' There was a knight of Saint Omer's, retained in wages with the king of England, called sir Denis Morbeke, who had served the Englishmen five year before, because in his youth he had forfeited the realm of France for a murder that he did at Saint-Omer's.

Though enjoined by royal mandate in 1501 for general use within the realm of Scotland, it was probably never widely adopted.

The " common law " was the law that emerged as " common " throughout the realm ( as distinct from the various legal codes that preceded it, such as Mercian law, the Danelaw and the law of Wessex ) as the king's judges followed each other's decisions to create a unified common law throughout England.

The Great Uprising of 1598 swept all Spanish presence south of the Bío-Bío River except Chiloé ( and Valdivia which was decades later reestablished as a fort ), and the great river became the frontier line between Mapuche lands and the Spanish realm.

Chile was the least wealthy realm of the Spanish Crown for most of its colonial history.

The population was rising ( estimates for Constantinople in the 12th century vary from some 100, 000 to 500, 000 ), and towns and cities across the realm flourished.

This form of citizenship in common in common law countries and originated in England where those who were born within the realm was subjects of the king.

Though German was spoken in each realm, sharing the same language and culture more often than not pushed Austria-Hungary and Germany apart.

Jacques Derrida argued that access to meaning and the ' real ' was always deferred, and sought to demonstrate via recourse to the linguistic realm that " There is nothing outside the text "; at the same time, Jean Baudrillard theorised that signs and symbols or simulacra mask reality ( and eventually the absence of reality itself ), particularly in the consumer world.

Over the next few years Eleanor often traveled with her husband and was sometimes associated with him in the government of the realm, but still had a custodian so that she was not free.