Instead of using expensive shielded twisted pair wiring as in Apple's LocalTalk implementation, PhoneNet uses standard four-conductor telephone patch cords and modular connectors.

The topology was a bus: cables were daisy-chained from each connected machine to the next, up to the maximum of 32 permitted on any LocalTalk segment.

One common replacement for LocalTalk was PhoneNet, a 3rd party solution ( from a company called Farallon, now called Netopia ) that also used the RS-422 port and was indistinguishable from LocalTalk as far as Apple's LocalTalk port drivers were concerned, but ran over the two unused wires in standard four-wire phone cabling.

LANs were complex and expensive, so Apple developed its own networking scheme, LocalTalk.

Apple often makes use of new or unusual hardware systems ; they were the first vendor to make widespread use of Sony's 3. 5 " floppy drive, and they devised their own Apple Desktop Bus system for keyboards and mice, their own LocalTalk networking system, the high-speed FireWire serial interface for storage and video transfer, the 30-pin iPod dock connector, and non-standard display interfaces such as ADC, Mini-DVI, and Mini DisplayPort.

The LaserWriter was also the first peripheral to use the LocalTalk connector and Apple ’ s unified round AppleTalk Connector Family, which allowed any variety of mechanical networking systems to be plugged into the ports on the computers or printers.

These included a port to attach floppy disk drives, two serial ports for devices such as printers and modems ( which could also be used to connect to a LocalTalk network ), an Apple Desktop Bus port to connect the keyboard and mouse, and composite and RGB video ports.

Several other similar systems also existed with even higher performance, but these often required special cabling that was incompatible with LocalTalk / PhoneNet, and also required patches to the networking stack that often caused problems.

As with LocalTalk, a number of 3rd party adaptors quickly appeared.

Stanford University pioneered development of a system, MacIP, that allowed IP packets to be routed over LocalTalk networks with the support of a suitable " gateway " machine.

At 230. 4 kbit / s LocalTalk was slower than the Centronics PC parallel interface, but allowed several computers to share a single LaserWriter.

A similar solution was the 850 kbit / s DaynaTalk, a separate box which plugged in between the computer and a normal LocalTalk / PhoneNet box, and also offered as a PC expansion card that ran up to 1. 7 Mbit / s.

With its release, AppleTalk Personal Network was renamed LocalTalk.

These included updates to EtherTalk and TokenTalk, AppleTalk software and LocalTalk hardware for the IBM PC, EtherTalk for Apple's A / UX operating system allowing it to use LaserPrinters and other network resources, and the Mac X. 25 and MacX products.

Each node dynamically chose its own node number, according to a protocol ( originally the LocalTalk Link Access Protocol LLAP and later the AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol, AARP ) which handled contention between different nodes accidentally choosing the same number.

The initial default hardware implementation for AppleTalk was a high-speed serial protocol known as LocalTalk that used the Macintosh's built-in RS-422 ports at 230. 4 kbit / s.

LocalTalk used a splitter box in the RS-422 port to provide an upstream and downstream cable from a single port.

* Apple's LocalTalk implemented CSMA / CA on an electrical bus using a three-byte jamming signal.

Marathon network games can be played over AppleTalk Remote, LocalTalk, TokenTalk, Ethernet, and more recently, a LAN network or the Internet.

Based on the AppleTalk protocol stack, LocalTalk connected the LaserWriter to the Mac over an RS-422 serial port.

LocalTalk is a particular implementation of the physical layer of the AppleTalk networking system from Apple Computer.

LocalTalk specifies a system of shielded twisted pair cabling, plugged into self-terminating transceivers, running at a rate of 230. 4 kbit / s.

Backplanes have grown in complexity from the simple Industry Standard Architecture ( ISA ) ( used in the original IBM PC ) or S-100 style where all the connectors were connected to a common bus.

The Systems Modules were designed with all of the connections at the back of the module using 22-pin Amphenol connectors, and were attached to each other by inserting them into a custom 19-inch rack.

These op-amps were effectively small circuit boards with packages such as edge connectors.

The Duos were a series of very thin and lightweight laptops with a minimum of features, which could be inserted into a docking station to provide the system with extra video memory, storage space, connectors, and could be connected to a monitor.

Common problems were non-standard pin assignment of circuits on connectors, and incorrect or missing control signals.

Many terminals were manufactured with female terminals but were sold with a cable with male connectors at each end ; the terminal with its cable satisfied the recommendations in the standard.

During the war many electrical connectors and switches were silver plated.

In many households, telephones were hard-wired to wall terminals before connectors like RJ11 and BS 6312 became standardised.

Instead of a single BNC connector that was inserted into a T-connector placed inline in the cable, the AAUI transceiver had two BNC connectors, one on each side to which the cables were attached.

AAUI connectors were also present on some Processor Direct Slot Ethernet adapter cards used in Macintosh LC and Performa machines.

Unfortunately, when mixing and matching Apple and non-Apple 10BASE2 devices, there were many seemingly natural configurations of cables and connectors which would cause the network to become unreliable or unusable in the area, reducing the value of the complex and proprietary Apple 10BASE2 wiring system.

a large installed base remained and a large variety of connectors, adapters and equipment such as ADSL filters were still in production and readily available.

Original II motherboards ( those produced between 1986 to mid 1989 ) have electrical connections for the IIe power supply and keyboard present, although only about half produced have the physical plug connectors factory pre-soldered in, which were mostly reserved for the upgrade kits.

BNC connectors were commonly used on 10base2 thin Ethernet networks, both on cable interconnections and network cards.

BNC connectors were thus originally made only in 50 ohm versions, for use with any impedance of cable.

In the USSR, BNC connectors were copied as SR-50 ( СР-50 in Cyrillic ) and SR-75 ( СР-75 in Cyrillic ) connectors.

Early ones were designed with just an extra inner conductor, but later triaxial connectors also include a three-lug arrangement to rule out an accidental forced mating with a BNC connector.

The ports were left uncovered along the left side: a cover was thought to be fragile and unnecessary with the iBook's new interfaces, which lacked the exposed pins of earlier connectors.

To keep pace with the abilities of new display technologies, attempts were made since the late 1970s to preserve more of the Y ' UV signal while transferring images, such as SCART ( 1977 ) and S-Video ( 1987 ) connectors.

Many of the pins of the I / O portions of the 6530s were connected to two connectors on the edge of the board, where they could be used as a serial system for driving a Teletype Model 33 ASR and paper tape reader / punch ).

The Centronics parallel interface quickly became a de facto industry standard ; manufacturers of the time tended to use various connectors on the system side, so a variety of cables were required.