LANs could now support more than 255 nodes, and zones were no longer associated with physical networks, but were entirely virtual constructs used simply to organize nodes.

Chaosnet was specifically for LANs ; features to support WANs were left out for the sake of simplicity.

Among the acquisitions were Cirrus Logic Inc's PicoPower business, for its specialised expertise in small form factor devices ; Mediamatics Inc, which makes multimedia connectivity products ; Future Integrated Systems Inc, a PC graphics company ; Gulbransen Inc, a digital audio technology maker ; ComCore Semiconductor Inc, a maker of digital signal processing for LANs ; Cyrix, the maker of Intel x86 clones.

Initially dial-up connections were made from terminals or computers running terminal emulation software to terminal servers on LANs.

All trains are equipped with wireless LANs for passenger access to the Internet and were repainted grey as of 2005.

At the time that the game gained popularity, LANs and the Internet were not generally available to the public, so VGA Planets was primarily played via dial-up bulletin board systems ( BBS ), gradually moving to email as a PBEM as it became more widely available.

Public access wireless local area networks ( LANs ) were first proposed by Henrik Sjödin at the NetWorld + Interop conference in The Moscone Center in San Francisco in August 1993.

WANs are used to connect LANs and other types of networks together, so that users and computers in one location can communicate with users and computers in other locations.

Although this market segment is now much reduced, the technologies developed in this area continue to be influential on the Internet and in both Linux and Apple Mac OS X networking — and the TCP / IP protocol has now almost completely replaced IPX, AppleTalk, NBF, and other protocols used by the early PC LANs.

For example, local area networks ( LANs ) that connect Microsoft Windows and Linux based personal computers with Apple Macintosh computers are heterogeneous.

* SecureEasySetup, a technology developed by Broadcom to easily set up wireless LANs with Wi-Fi Protected Access

NetBIOS was also developed for non-routable LANs.

This led to the development of 10Base-T ( and its successors ) and structured cabling which is still the basis of most commercial LANs today.

IPX / SPX was primarily designed for local area networks ( LANs ), and is a very efficient protocol for this purpose ( typically its performance exceeds that of TCP / IP on a LAN ).

Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks ( LANs ).

Advanced networking features in switches and routers combat these issues through means including spanning-tree protocol to maintain the active links of the network as a tree while allowing physical loops for redundancy, port security and protection features such as MAC lock down and broadcast radiation filtering, virtual LANs to keep different classes of users separate while using the same physical infrastructure, multilayer switching to route between different classes and link aggregation to add bandwidth to overloaded links and to provide some measure of redundancy.

However, in terms of the application of computer networking protocols and concepts, it may be best to view WANs as computer networking technologies used to transmit data over long distances, and between different LANs, MANs and other localised computer networking architectures.

Because of IPX / SPX's prevalence in LANs in the 1990s, Microsoft added support for the protocols into Windows ' networking stack, starting with Windows for Workgroups and Windows NT.

Products include transceiver and processor ICs for Ethernet and wireless LANs, cable modems, digital subscriber line ( DSL ), servers, home networking devices ( router, switches, port-concentrators ) and cellular phones ( GSM / GPRS / EDGE / W-CDMA ).

IEEE 802. 1Q is the networking standard that supports Virtual LANs ( VLANs ) on an Ethernet network.

The addressing system allowed for expansion to 255 nodes in a LAN, and using " bridges " ( which came to be known as routers ) one could interconnect LANs into larger collections.

It can be independently operated or networked with additional centres, often linked to a corporate computer network, including mainframes, microcomputers and LANs.

* Enterprise premises cordless PABXs and wireless LANs, using many base stations for coverage.

As with other IEEE 802 LANs, each Ethernet station is given a 48-bit MAC address.

The most widely used standards are for the Ethernet family, Token Ring, Wireless LAN, Bridging and Virtual Bridged LANs.

The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to wide area networks ( WANs ), include their usually higher data-transfer rates, smaller geographic area, and lack of a need for leased telecommunication lines.

ARCNET, Token Ring and other technology standards have been used in the past, but Ethernet over twisted pair cabling, and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies currently used to build LANs.

Smaller LANs generally consist of one or more switches linked to each other, often at least one is connected to a router, cable modem, or ADSL modem for Internet access.

Larger LANs are characterized by their use of redundant links with switches using the spanning tree protocol to prevent loops, their ability to manage differing traffic types via quality of service ( QoS ), and to segregate traffic with VLANs.

Larger LANs also contain a wide variety of network devices such as switches, firewalls, routers, load balancers, and sensors.

LANs may have connections with other LANs via leased lines, leased services, or by tunneling across the Internet using virtual private network technologies.

In Ethernet, Virtual LANs ( VLAN ) may be used to separate different QoS levels.

One of the challenges in deploying IP multicast is that routers and firewalls between LANs must allow the passage of packets destined to multicast groups.

Wireless LANs have become popular in the home due to ease of installation, and in commercial complexes offering wireless access to their customers ; often for free.

Wireless metropolitan area networks are a type of wireless network that connects several wireless LANs.

Related terms for other types of networks are personal area networks ( PANs ), local area networks ( LANs ), campus area networks ( CANs ), or metropolitan area networks ( MANs ) which are usually limited to a room, building, campus or specific metropolitan area ( e. g., a city ) respectively.

WANs necessarily do not just connect physically disparate LANs.

A CAN, for example, may have a localised backbone of a WAN technology, which connects different LANs within a campus.

Such mannerisms would be less worthy of remark, were it not that in Great Expectations, as in no other of Dickens' novels, hands serve as a leitmotif of plot and theme -- a kind of unifying symbol or natural metaphor for the book's complex of human interrelationships and the values and attitudes that motivate them.

The causes of the Civil War were complex, and have been controversial since the war began.

In front of the large windows, as if they were pillars that support the complex stone structure, there are six fine columns that seem to simulate the bones of a limb, with an apparent central articulation ; in fact, this is a floral decoration.

During a complex creation myth in which the cosmic cow licked Buri free from the ice, the sons of Buri's son, Bor, who were Odin, Vili and Vé, constructed the universe and put Midgard in it as a residence for the first human couple, Ask and Embla, whom they created from driftwood trees in Section 9.

The other six of the canonic nine composed verses for public occasions, performed by choruses and professional singers and typically featuring complex metrical arrangements that were never reproduced in other verses.

There were the seeds ( spermata ) or miniatures of wheat and flesh and gold in the primitive mixture ; but these parts, of like nature with their wholes ( the homoiomereiai of Aristotle ), had to be eliminated from the complex mass before they could receive a definite name and character.

In 2009, plans for a $ 24 million expansion to the campus, including a new academic building, a second residence and a sports complex were unveiled.

They were from hundreds of tribes across West Africa, and brought with them certain traits of West African music including call and response vocals and complex rhythmic music, as well as syncopated beats and shifting accents.

These were larger than the great majority of German woodcuts hitherto, and far more complex and balanced in composition.

Compilers, linkers, loaders, and utilities were then coded in assembly language, further continuing the bootstrapping process of developing complex software systems by using simpler software.

With this improvement more complex and reliable CPUs were built onto one or several printed circuit boards containing discrete ( individual ) components.

Although these encryption methods were more complex than previous schemes and required machines to encrypt and decrypt, other machines such as the British Bombe were invented to crack these encryption methods.

Important factors were the aggressiveness of neighboring peoples ( especially the Thai, or Siamese ), chronic interdynastic strife, and the gradual deterioration of the complex irrigation system that had ensured rice surpluses.

In Pre-Columbian times the Native Americans in what is now Costa Rica were part of a cultural complex known as the " Intermediate Area ," between the Mesoamerican and Andean cultural regions.

During the 19th century in the US, the length of canals grew from to over 4, 000, with a complex network making the Great Lakes navigable, in conjunction with Canada, although some canals were later drained and used as railroad rights-of-way.

As the early 20th century gold standard was undermined by inflation and the late 20th century fiat dollar hegemony evolved, and as banks proliferated and engaged in more complex transactions and were able to profit from dealings globally on a moment's notice, these practices became mandatory, if only to ensure that there was some limit on the ballooning of money supply.

Within Colombia, the two cultures with the most complex cacicazgo systems were the Tayronas in the Caribbean region, and the Muiscas in the highlands near Bogotá, both of which belonged to the Chibchan language family.

The Virgilio Barco ( 1986 – 1990 ) administration, in addition to continuing to handle the difficulties of the complex negotiations with the guerrillas, also inherited a particularly chaotic confrontation against the drug lords, who were engaged in a campaign of terrorism and murder in response to government moves in favor of their extradition overseas.

A more speculative, more complex " chip factory " was specified to produce the computer and electronic systems, but the designers also said that it might prove practical to ship the chips from Earth as if they were " vitamins.

Regarding the organic chemistry, it was long believed that compounds obtained from living organisms were too complex to be obtained synthetically.

This book is extremely detailed and complex, and later the ideas were developed into the predominant Western view of the chakras by C. W. Leadbeater in his book The Chakras.

Handheld crossbows with complex bronze trigger mechanisms have also been found with the Terracotta Army in the tomb of Qin Shihuang ( r. 221 – 210 BC ) that are similar to specimens from the subsequent Han Dynasty ( 202 BC – 220 AD ), while crossbowmen described in the Qin and Han Dynasty learned drill formations, some were even mounted as cavalry units, and Han Dynasty writers attributed the success of numerous battles against the Xiongnu to massed crossbow fire.

These castes had a complex structure in the fragmented city states of Italy such as Genoa, Venice, Naples, Roma, Florence and Lombardy ; in some, the merchants were the nobili, in others the nobili despised the merchant caste and were agriculturalists, in yet others the nobili caste despised all work.