There was keen competition between the two from the introduction of the The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing | Algebra into Europe in the 12th century until its triumph in the 16th.

During the 20th century BC the Indo-European Hittites entered the region and gradually established a great empire which was destroyed by invaders in the 12th century.

The current consensus, based on terminology defined by the Pecos Classification, suggests their emergence around the 12th century BCE, during the archaeologically designated Early Basketmaker II Era.

A novel called Hayy ibn Yaqdhan, based on Avicenna's story, was later written by Ibn Tufail ( Abubacer ) in the 12th century and translated into Latin and English as Philosophus Autodidactus in the 17th and 18th centuries respectively.

These exceptions, introduced with a good object, had grown into a widespread evil by the 12th century, virtually creating an imperium in imperio, and depriving the bishop of all authority over the chief centres of influence in his diocese.

In the 12th century the abbots of Fulda claimed precedence of the archbishop of Cologne.

Although controversial at its time, the 13 principles laid out by the 12th century Spanish Jewish philosopher Maimonides are now considered mostly normative.

Gothic-This style prevailed between the 12th century and the 16th century in Europe.

The modern history of Abensberg, which is often incorrectly compared with that of the 3rd century Roman castra ( military outpost ) of Abusina, begins with Gebhard, who was the first to mention Abensberg as a town, in the middle of the 12th century.

Rebuilt by the emperor Justin I after an earthquake in the 6th century, it became Justinopolis ( 525 ); but the old native name persisted, and when Thoros I, king of Lesser Armenia, made it his capital early in the 12th century, it was known as Anazarva.

They are said to go back at least to the Greek poet Lycophron, in the third century BCE ; but this relies on an account of Lycophron given by John Tzetzes in the 12th century.

In the 12th century eddic prose Gylfaginning Snorri Sturluson relates it as the first of a series of abodes in heaven:

As a theologian Alain de Lille shared in the mystic reaction of the second half of the 12th century against the scholastic philosophy.

Brought back from Sippar to Susa as war prize in the 12th century BC

A popular legend, originating from 12th century chronicles, tells how when he first fled to the Somerset Levels, Alfred was given shelter by a peasant woman who, unaware of his identity, left him to watch some cakes she had left cooking on the fire.

Alger of Liège ( 1055 – 1131 ), known also as Alger of Cluny and Algerus Magister, was a learned clergyman from Liège who lived in the first half of the 12th century.

He was born in the latter part of the 12th century at Bennes, a village between Ollé and Chauffours in the diocese of Chartres.

In 1122 Afonso became fourteen, the adult age in the 12th century.

Dr. Alastair Northedge, a British archaeologist who wrote a book about findings in ' Anah, wrote that the minaret is ' commonly attributed to the Uqaylid ( dynasty ) and the 5th / 11th century ( AH / AD ), though ... more probably of the 6th / 12th century.

* 1875 – Artur Bernardes, Brazilian politician, 12th President of Brazil ( d. 1955 )

* 1964 – Kaj Leo Johannesen, Faroese footballer and politician, 12th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands

* Middle Bulgarian ( 12th to 15th century ) – a literary norm that evolved from the earlier Old Bulgarian, after major innovations were accepted.

Historical " bronzes " are highly variable in composition, as most metalworkers probably used whatever scrap was on hand ; the metal of the 12th century English Gloucester Candlestick is bronze containing a mixture of copper, zinc, tin, lead, nickel, iron, antimony, arsenic with an unusually large amount of silver – between 22. 5 % in the base and 5. 76 % in the pan below the candle.

* Baroque or Bayon Style ( 1181 – 1243 ): In the final quarter of the 12th century, King Jayavarman VII freed the country of Angkor from occupation by an invasionary force from Champa.

At around the same time in the medieval Islamic world, a vigorous monetary economy was created during the 7th – 12th centuries on the basis of the expanding levels of circulation of a stable high-value currency ( the dinar ).

Trotsky accused the delegates of the 12th Party Congress ( 17 – 25 April 1923 ) of being indirectly elected by the center, citing that 55. 1 % of the voting delegates at the congress were full-time members, at the previous congress only 24. 8 % of the voting-delegates were full-members.

The most important English chronicles are the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, started under the patronage of King Alfred in the 9th century and continued until the 12th century, and the Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland ( 1577 – 87 ) by Raphael Holinshed and other writers ; the latter documents were important sources of materials for Elizabethan drama.

* 1923 – Stansfield Turner, American admiral and 12th Director of Central Intelligence

Since the beginning of Norman rule in the 12th century, the city has functioned as the capital in varying geopolitical entities: Lordship of Ireland ( 1171 – 1541 ), Kingdom of Ireland ( 1541 – 1800 ), island as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( 1801 – 1922 ), and the Irish Republic ( 1919 – 1922 ).

* Imperial Princess Asahara ( 朝原内親王 ) ( 779 – 817 ), 12th Saiō in Ise Grand Shrine ( 782 – before 796 ), and married to Heizei

* Álex González ( 1998 – 2005 ) — Alex Gonzalez was one of the premier defensive shortstops in the game during his tenure with the Marlins, and provided a walk-off homerun in the 12th inning during Game 4 of the 2003 World Series.

The shows took place from November 5 to the 12th, with the final show on November 14 – the final show was simulcast to more than 300 movie theaters across the US.

* 12th century – Hildegard of Bingen is reputed to have spoken and sung in tongues.

In the second half of the 12th century, there was a sudden intensification of activity, leading to a 60-year " golden age " of medieval German literature referred to as the mittelhochdeutsche Blütezeit ( 1170 – 1230 ).

Clay grenades that were filled with Greek fire, 10th – 12th century, National Historical Museum ( Greece ) | National Historical Museum, Athens, Greece

In the 12th century, German Benedictine abbess Hildegard von Bingen ( 1098 – 1179 ) wrote several influential theological, botanical, and medicinal texts, as well as letters, liturgical songs, poems, and arguably the oldest surviving morality play, while supervising brilliant miniature Illuminations.

Greenberg hit the only two homers by the Tigers — one in Game Two, where he batted in three runs in a 4 – 1 win ; the other — a two-run job — tied the game in the eighth inning of Game Six, making the score 8 – 8, but the Cubs won that game with a run in the bottom of the 12th.

He was also different in that he appeals to Pre-Lombardian figures, and his use of Anselm of Canterbury and Bernard of Clairvaux, whose works were not cited as frequently by other 12th century scholastics.

It seems to have been St Bernard of Clairvaux who, in the 12th century, explicitly raised the question of the Immaculate Conception.

In the 12th century a church leader named St. Bernard of Clairvaux was famous for speaking out against gargoyles.

* 1834 – Bernard Edward Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk

* Novelist Bernard Knight, a former Home Office pathologist and a professor of forensic pathology at the University of Wales College of Medicine, is well known for his Crowner John Mysteries series set in 12th century Devon, England.

* Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, 12th century monk and leader of the Cistercians

* Bernard of Cluny, 12th century Benedictine monk

This stone building around a patio, the cloisters of the Monastery of St. Bernard de Clairvaux, was built in Sacramenia, Segovia, Spain in the 12th century.

The castle was founded by the Normans shortly after the conquest, but enjoyed its heyday under Bernard de Bailliol during the latter half of the 12th century.

* Bernard Edward Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk 1815 – 1842

" Fred R. Shapiro, in The Yale Book of Quotations ( 2006 ), disputes the attribution based on a claim that it first appeared in a book published in 1935, but it is ascribed to Wilkes in Henry Brougham's Historical Sketches ( 1844 ), related from Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk, who claims to have been present, as well as in Charles Marsh's Clubs of London ( 1828 ).

In the north British 21st Army Group commanded by Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery (" Monty "), in the middle the American 12th Army Group commanded by General Omar N. Bradley, and in the South the American 6th Army Group commanded by Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers.

Bernard Silvestris, also known as Bernardus Silvestris and Bernard Silvester, was a Medieval Platonist philosopher and poet of the 12th century.

* Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk, 11th Earl of Arundel ( 1765 – 1842 )

* William Bernard Petre, 12th Baron Petre ( 1817 – 1884 )

Ninth Army was isolated from the headquarters of 12th Army Group, and it was thus placed ( on 20 December ) under the command of General Bernard Montgomery's 21st Army Group along with First Army, despite opposition from General Omar Bradley.

A member of the famous Howard family, he was the grandson of Lord Henry Howard-Molyneux-Howard, younger brother of Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk.

* Bernard McGinn: The Growth of Mysticism: Gregory the Great through the 12th Century, 1994, paperback ed.

* Bernard Silvestris, a Medieval Platonist philosopher and poet of the 12th century

The creation of the original hymn has been attributed to several people, including Bernard of Clairvaux ( 12th century ), Saint Venantius Fortunatus ( 6th century ) and Hermannus Contractus ( 11th century ).

Born at Greystoke Castle, near Penrith, Cumberland, Howard was the youngest son of Henry Howard, son of Lord Henry Howard-Molyneux-Howard, younger brother of Bernard Howard, 12th Duke of Norfolk.

Early in the 12th century, Saint Bernard of Clairvaux was instrumental in re-emphasizing the importance of Lectio Divina within the Cistercian order.

By the middle of September 1944 the three Western Allies Army groups, the British 21st Army Group ( Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery ) in the north, the United States U. S. 12th Army Group ( General Omar Bradley ) and to the south the Franco-American Southern Group of Armies ( Lieutenant General Jacob L. Devers ) that had liberated southern France after landing on the French Mediterranean coast — formed a broad front under the Supreme Allied Commander General Dwight D. Eisenhower and his headquarters SHAEF.