The best current ( 2009 ) estimate of the International Astronomical Union ( IAU ) for the value of the astronomical unit in meters is A = m, based on a comparison of JPL and IAA – RAS ephemerides.

* Infante Juan Carlos Teresa Silvestre Alfonso of Spain ( 1913 – 1993 ), named heir to the throne and Count of Barcelona, whose son is the current King, Juan Carlos I of Spain.

* 1506 – The cornerstone of the current St. Peter's Basilica is laid.

* 1858 – After the original Big Ben, a 14. 5 tonne bell for the Palace of Westminster had cracked during testing, it is recast into the current 13. 76 tonne bell by Whitechapel Bell Foundry.

* DXF Specifications – Autodesk documentation on versions of DXF from Release 13 to current.

* Constitution of 1988 – the progressive redemocratization culminated in the current constitution.

The current can reach 7 – 8 knots at this point.

For recent events the Chronicle, like his Ecclesiastical History, relied upon Gildas, upon a version of the Liber pontificalis current at least to the papacy of Pope Sergius I ( 687 – 701 ), and other sources.

In 1998, Pensacola Christian College produced a widely distributed videotape, arguing that this " leaven of fundamentalism " was passed from the 19th-century Princeton theologian Benjamin B. Warfield ( 1851 – 1921 ) to Charles Brokenshire ( 1885 – 1954 ), who served BJU as Dean of the School of Religion, and then to current BJU faculty members and graduates.

Enemies turn " angry " – becoming pink-colored and moving faster – if they are the last enemy remaining, escape from a bubble after being left too long, or a certain amount of time has been spent on the current level.

The second study lasted 411 days in 2000 – 2001, in Ahmedabad, India, under the direction of a 21 member team of medical doctors and scientists led by doctors Sudhir Shah and K. K. Shah, a past President of the Indian Medical Association and current Chairman of the Jainist Doctors ' Federation ( the latter group aims to " Promote scientific research and medical education based on principles of Jainism ").

They most likely originated in West Gondwana and are 67 – 107 million years old, so the oldest split could relate to the break-up of Gondwana in the middle Eocene to late Oligocene, 45 – 24 million years ago, and reached their current distribution by multiple intercontinental dispersal events.

* Samuel A. Levine ( 1891 – 1966 ), recognized the sign known as Levine's sign as well as the current grading of the intensity of heart murmurs, known as the Levine scale

In the War of the Pacific ( 1879 – 83 ), Chile defeated Peru and Bolivia and won its current northern territory.

Growth in real GDP averaged 8 % from 1991 – 1997, but fell to half that level in 1998 because of tight monetary policies ( implemented to keep the current account deficit in check ) and because of lower export earnings, the latter which was a product of the Asian financial crisis.

Copper – hydrogen peroxide has been suggested as an alternative to the current recommendation of sodium hydroxide or sodium hypochlorite.

The CRTC is sometimes blamed for the current state of the mobile phone industry in Canada, in which there are only three national mobile network operators – Bell Mobility, Telus Mobility, and Rogers Wireless – as well as a handful of MVNOs operating on these networks.

The current resistance to Russian rule has its roots in the late 18th century ( 1785 – 1791 ), a period when Russia expanded into territories formerly under the dominion of Turkey and Persia ( see also the Russo-Turkish Wars and Russo-Persian War ( 1804 – 1813 )), under Mansur Ushurma — a Chechen Naqshbandi ( Sufi ) Sheikh — with wavering support from other North Caucasian tribes.

The Chinese New Left, which encompasses these Maoists and other postmodernists is a current within China that seeks to " revert China to the socialist road " – i. e., to return China to the socialist system that existed before Deng Xiaoping's reforms.

The current capitol building was constructed from 1870 – 71.

* 1789 – In New York City, the United States House of Representatives holds its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first House Speaker.

* 1992 – Betty Boothroyd becomes the first woman to be elected Speaker of the British House of Commons in its 700-year history.

Joe Martin, the Republican Speaker from 1947 – 1949 and again from 1953 – 1955, wrote that Eisenhower " never surrounded himself with assistants who could solve political problems with professional skill.

* 1942 – Dennis Hastert, 59th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives

* 1933 – Minnie D. Craig becomes the first female elected as Speaker of the North Dakota House of Representatives, the first female to hold a Speaker position anywhere in the United States.

* 1943 – Newt Gingrich, American politician and author, 58th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives

A Democrat, Polk served as the 17th Speaker of the House of Representatives ( 1835 – 1839 ) and Governor of Tennessee ( 1839 – 1841 ).

* 2007 – The 110th United States Congress convenes, electing Nancy Pelosi as the first female Speaker of the House in U. S. history.

* Jaluit Atoll – Rien R. Morris ( UDP ), Speaker Alvin T. Jacklick ( UDP )

* Majuro Atoll – Wilfred I. Kendall ( UDP ), David Kramer ( IND ), Brenson S. Wase ( UDP ), Vice Speaker Alik J. Alik ( UDP ), ' H. E.

Methodism came to the Caribbean in 1760 when the planter, lawyer and Speaker of the Antiguan House of Assembly – Nathaniel Gilbert III (~ 1719 – 1774 ) returned to his sugar estate home in Antigua.

* 2000 – Philippine House Speaker Manuel B. Villar, Jr. passes the articles of impeachment against Philippine President Joseph Estrada.

* 1884 – Joseph W. Martin, Jr., American politician, 51st Speaker of the United States House of Representatives ( d. 1968 )

* 1871 – William Watt, Premier of Victoria, Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives ( d. 1946 )

* 1828 – Samuel J. Randall, 33rd Speaker of the United States House of Representatives ( d. 1890 )

He also served as Speaker of the Parliament of Finland from 2003 – 2007 and was his party's nominee in the 2012 Finnish presidential election but received only 6. 7 % of the votes, making it the biggest defeat the Social Democratic Party has ever had in Finnish Presidential elections.

Thomas Brackett Reed, ( October 18, 1839 – December 7, 1902 ), occasionally ridiculed as Czar Reed, was a U. S. Representative from Maine, and Speaker of the U. S. House of Representatives from 1889 – 1891 and from 1895 – 1899.

Kekkonen was a Deputy Speaker of the Parliament 1946 – 1947, and was Speaker from 1948 to 1950.

Historian John Huddleston estimates the death toll at ten percent of all Northern males 20 – 45 years old, and 30 percent of all Southern white males aged 18 – 40.

* 1580 – One of the largest earthquakes recorded in the history of England, Flanders, or Northern France, takes place.

* 1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Sayler's Creek – Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia.

* 1926 – Ian Paisley, Northern Irish politician

* 1450 – Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years ' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English forces, ending English domination in Northern France.

* 1995 – U. S. President Bill Clinton became the first President to visit Northern Ireland.

* 1971 – The Troubles: The British security forces in Northern Ireland launch Operation Demetrius.

* 461 – Majorian is arrested near Tortona ( Northern Italy ) and deposed by the Suebian general Ricimer as puppet emperor.

* 1922 – Six Irish Catholic civilians are shot and beaten-to-death by a gang of policemen in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

* 1930 – The last confirmed lynching of blacks in the Northern United States occurs in Marion, Indiana.

* 1969 – Operation Banner: British troops are deployed in Northern Ireland.

* 1998 – Omagh bombing in Northern Ireland, the worst terrorist incident of The Troubles

* 1969 – Violence erupts after the Apprentice Boys of Derry march in Derry, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom resulting in a three-day communal riot known as the Battle of the Bogside.

* Ginger fried beef – 乾炒牛肉絲 gānchǎo niúròu-sī Tender beef cut in strings, battered, deep dried, then re-fried in wok mixed with a sweet sauce, a variation of a popular Northern Chinese dish.

* 1865 – American Civil War: Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia ( 26, 765 troops ) to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, effectively ending the war.

* 1940 – The Second Vienna Award re-assigns the territory of Northern Transylvania from Romania to Hungary.

* 1699 – Khalsa: The Sikh Religion was formalised as the Khalsa-the brotherhood of Warrior-Saints-by Guru Gobind Singh in Northern India, in accordance with the Nanakshahi calendar.

* 1388 – The Battle of Otterburn, a border skirmish between the Scottish and the English in Northern England, is fought near Otterburn.

* 1945 – The Nazi occupation army surrenders and leaves Northern Italy after a general partisan insurrection by the Italian resistance movement ; the puppet fascist regime dissolves and Benito Mussolini tries to escape.

Following Napoleon Bonaparte's victories over the Austrian Empire in Northern Italy – helping to secure France victory in the War of the First Coalition in 1797 – Great Britain remained the only major European power still at war with the French Republic.

Graphics and titles were developed by the Lambie-Nairn design agency and were gradually rolled out across the whole of BBC News, including a similar design for regional news starting with Newsroom South East and the three BBC Nations – Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

* Belfast – Northern Ireland Tourist Board