* 1812 – British forces under the command of the Duke of Wellington assault the fortress of Badajoz.

* 1812 – Alexander Herzen, Russian writer ( d. 1870 )

* 1812 – The Territory of Orleans becomes the 18th U. S. state under the name Louisiana.

* 1812 – Kaspar Hauser, German mystery boy ( d. 1833 )

* 1812 – Bertalan Szemere, Hungarian politician ( d. 1869 )

* 1812 – War of 1812: The Battle of Fort Dearborn is fought between United States troops and Potawatomi at what is now Chicago, Illinois.

* 1812 – War of 1812: American General William Hull surrenders Fort Detroit without a fight to the British Army.

* 1812 – War of 1812: American frigate defeats the British frigate off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada earning her nickname " Old Ironsides ".

He was one of the founders of the Geological Society of London in 1807 and was its honorary secretary in 1812 – 1817.

Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, to Jacob Johnson ( 1778 – 1812 ) and Mary (" Polly ") McDonough ( 1783 – 1856 ), a seamstress and the daughter of Andrew McDonough.

* 1812 – Peninsula War: A coalition of Spanish, British, and Portuguese forces succeed in lifting the two-and-a-half-year-long Siege of Cádiz.

* Alfonso Sanz y Martínez de Arizala ( 28 January 1880, Madrid – 1970 ), married in 1922 to María de Guadalupe de Limantour y Mariscal ( d. 1977, Marbella ), daughter of Julio de Limantour y Marquet ( 17 June 1863, Mexico City – 11 October 1909, Mexico City ) and wife Elena Mariscal y ..., paternal granddaughter of French Joseph Yves de Limantour y Rence de la Pagame ( 1812, Ploemeur – 1885, Mexico City ) and wife Adèle Marquet y Cabannes ( 1820, Bordeaux –?

* 1768 – Joseph Dennie, American author and journalist ( d. 1812 )

* 1812 – Agoston Haraszthy Hungarian-American traveler, writer, and winemaker, founded Buena Vista Winery ( d. 1869 )

* 1812 – Peninsular War: French troops engage British-Portuguese forces in the Battle of Majadahonda.

* 1748 – Joseph Schuster, German composer ( d. 1812 )

* 1813 – War of 1812: United States troops capture the capital of Upper Canada in the Battle of York ( present day Toronto, Canada ).

* Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym: 1718 – 1812

* 1883 – Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic ( b. 1812 )

* 1812 – Alexander Hamilton Stephens, American politician, Vice President of the Confederate States of America and 50th Governor of Georgia ( d. 1883 )

* 1812 – Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic ( d. 1883 )

* 1883 – Alexander Hamilton Stephens, former Vice President of the Confederate States of America ( b. 1812 )

* John Aston Warder ( 1812 – 1883 ), physician, Forrester, and horticulturist

* Augustus Caesar Dodge ( 1812 – 1883 )-US Senator ( IA, 1848 – 1855 )

Most famous Belgian authors are: Guido Gezelle ( 1830 – 1899 ), Emile Verhaeren ( 1855 – 1916 ), Max Elskamp ( 1862 – 1931 ), Maurice Maeterlinck ( 1862 – 1949 ), Paul van Ostaijen ( 1896 – 1926 ), Henri Michaux ( French born and educated in Belgium, 1899 – 1984 ) and Jacques Brel ( 1929 – 1978 ) and prose writers: Hendrik Conscience ( 1812 – 1883 ), Charles de Coster ( 1827 – 1879 ), Willem Elsschot ( 1882 – 1960 ), Michel de Ghelderode ( 1898 – 1962 ), Georges Simenon 1903-1989, Louis Paul Boon ( 1912 – 1979 ), Hugo Claus ( 1929 – 2008 ), Pierre Mertens ( born in 1939 ) Ernest Claes ( 1885 – 1968 ), and, Amélie Nothomb ( born in 1967 ).

He married HH Valide Sultan Pertevniyal, originally named Bezime ( 1812 – 1883 ), and had:

Alexander Hamilton Stephens ( February 11, 1812 – March 4, 1883 ) was an American politician from Georgia.

* Alexander Stephens ( 1812 – 1883 ), Vice President of the Confederate States of America

The pub was known as The Half Moon Until 1812, The Moon from then until 1883, when it took its present name.

Henri " Hendrik " Conscience ( 3 December 1812 Antwerp – 10 September 1883 Elsene ) was a Belgian writer.

Frederick Edward Maning ( 5 July 1812 – 25 July 1883 ) was a notable early settler in New Zealand, a writer and judge of the Native Land Court.

Hendrik Conscience ( 1812 – 1883 ) was the first to write about Flemish subjects in the Dutch language and so is considered the father of modern Flemish literature.

Friedrich Adolf Ferdinand, Freiherr von Flotow ( 27 April 1812 – 24 January 1883 ) was a German composer.

John Randolph Tucker ( 1812 – 1883 )

* John Woodham Dunn ( 1812 – 1883 ), Anglican vicar of Warkworth, Northumberland

In addition to battling the armies of other European Empires ( and of its former colonies, the United States, in the American War of 1812 ), in the battle for global supremacy, the British Army fought the Chinese in the First and Second Opium Wars, and the Boxer Rebellion, Māori tribes in the first of the New Zealand Wars, Nawab Shiraj-ud-Daula's forces and British East India Company mutineers in the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857, the Boers in the First and Second Boer Wars, Irish Fenians in Canada during the Fenian raids and Irish separatists in the Anglo-Irish War.

Examples of common law being replaced by statute or codified rule in the United States include criminal law ( since 1812, U. S. courts have held that criminal law must be embodied in statute if the public is to have fair notice ), commercial law ( the Uniform Commercial Code in the early 1960s ) and procedure ( the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure in the 1930s and the Federal Rules of Evidence in the 1970s ).

In the service of the Russian Empire, Clausewitz helped negotiate the Convention of Tauroggen ( 1812 ), which prepared the way for the coalition of Prussia, Russia, and the United Kingdom that ultimately defeated Napoleon and his allies.

The Maritimes also have a black population who are mostly descendants of African American loyalists or refugees from the War of 1812, largely concentrated in Nova Scotia but also in various communities throughout southern New Brunswick, Cape Breton ( where the black population is largely of West Indian descent ), and Prince Edward Island.

One was recorded in 1812 ; one measuring 7. 6 on the Richter Scale hit on November 30, 1983 at 21: 46 local time and lasted 142 seconds, resulting in a small tsunami which raised wave height in the lagoon to 1. 5 metres ( 5 ft ), and another on December 2, 2002, an earthquake measuring 4. 6 on the Richter Scale struck the island at 12: 21 a. m.

File: Jacques-Louis_David_017. jpg | Full length portrait of Napoleon standing | Napoleon in His Study ( 1812 ), National Gallery of Art, Washington, D. C.

Elizabeth Garrett was born on 9 June 1836 in London, the second of eleven children of Newson Garrett ( 1812 – 1893 ), from Leiston, Suffolk, and his wife, Louisa née Dunnell ( 1813 – 1903 ), from London.

Aberdeen married firstly Lady Catherine Elizabeth ( 1784 – 1812 ), daughter of John Hamilton, 1st Marquess of Abercorn, and assumed by Royal license the additional surname of Hamilton in 1818.

The only notable person known to have both been born and died on February 29 was Sir James Wilson ( 1812 – 1880 ), Premier of Tasmania.

Isaac Baker Brown ( 1812 – 1873 ), an English gynaecologist who was president of the Medical Society of London in 1865, believed that the " unnatural irritation " of the clitoris caused epilepsy, hysteria, and mania, and would remove it " whenever he had the opportunity of doing so ," according to an obituary.

This included reworked versions of the Wissenschaftslehre, ( 1810 – 1813 ), a Doctrine of Right ( 1812 ), and a Doctrine of Ethics ( 1812 ).

* George Clinton ( vice president ) ( 1739 – 1812 ), Vice President of the United States and Governor of New York

* Xavier Hommaire de Hell ( 1812 – 1848 ), research in Turkey, southern Russia and Persia

He was Governor of South Carolina ( 1810 – 1812 ), U. S. Representative ( 1815 – 1819 ), and the minister to Russia ( 1820 – 1830 ).

As president ( 1809 – 17 ), after the failure of diplomatic protests and a trade embargo against Great Britain, he led the nation into the War of 1812.

In 1777 Madison's cousin, the Right Reverend James Madison ( 1749 – 1812 ), became president of The College of William & Mary.