Although the range and precise application of defenses varies between jurisdictions, the following represents a list of the defenses that may apply to all levels of assault:

Although it is generally agreed, based on the saga descriptions, that Helluland includes Baffin Island, and Markland represents at least the southern part of the modern Labrador, there has been considerable controversy over the location of the actual Norse landings and settlement.

Although Dirac did not at first fully appreciate what his own equation was telling him, his resolute faith in the logic of mathematics as a means to physical reasoning, his explanation of spin as a consequence of the union of quantum mechanics and relativity, and the eventual discovery of the positron, represents one of the great triumphs of theoretical physics, fully on a par with the work of Newton, Maxwell, and Einstein before him.

Although not recognized as such by Dirac at the time the equation was formulated, in hindsight the introduction of this geometric algebra represents an enormous stride forward in the development of quantum theory.

Although S < sub > φ </ sub >( f ) is a one-sided function, it represents " the double-sideband spectral density of phase fluctuation ".

Although the deployment of nuclear weapons from aircraft falls into the category of strategic bombing, and likely represents the ultimate form of both strategic and terror bombing, the term strategic bombing is generally used in reference to the release of non-nuclear air-ground ordnance from strategic aircraft.

Although this concept of the circulatory system is greatly flawed, it represents one of the earliest accounts of scientific thought.

Although she represents Mercy, Compassion and Healing, her powers seem to include growth, as she was instrumental, together with Yavanna, in making the Two Trees, and healing their wounds from the poison of Ungoliant.

Although the field was not formalized until the 20th century, it is thought that the work of Hero, his automated devices in particular, represents some of the first formal research into cybernetics.

Although Livy was writing at a time when Augustus cloaked religious innovation under appeals to old-fashioned piety and traditionalism, archaic aspects of the prayer suggest that it represents a traditional formulary as might be preserved in the official pontifical books.

Although it virtually always represents a loss, VaR is conventionally reported as a positive number.

Although it represents all media, and painters have also won the prize, it has become associated primarily with conceptual art.

Although the knowledge of casting soft metals in moulds was well established before Johannes Gutenberg's time, his discovery of an alloy that was hard, durable, and would take a clear impression from the mould ( because it did not shrink as much as lead alone when cooled ) represents a fundamental aspect of his solution to the problem of printing with movable type.

Although a negotiator's alternative options should, in theory, be straightforward to evaluate, the effort to understand which alternative represents a party's BATNA is often not invested.

Although intended to be usable at text sizes, it represents the early period of the designer's career when interletter spacing was yet to be conquered, so has found use primarily in advertising.

Although the SFP represents a small minority of Finland, Swedish mother tongue per se is not much of a political handicap.

Although it has long been supposed that nothing is recorded of Jane's appearance ( and there is no surviving portrait that can be identified as her ), her biographer Julia Fox ( Jane Boleyn: The True Story of the Infamous Lady Rochford ) suggests that there is a very remote chance that a Holbein likeness represents an extant likeness of Jane ( pp. 317 – 319 ).

Although the causes of schizoaffective disorder are unknown, it is suspected that this diagnosis represents a heterogeneous group of individuals, some with aberrant forms of schizophrenia and some with very serious forms of mood disorders.

Although poetry continued to be written, and certain poets rose in prominence while others disappeared from the landscape, the brief Sui Dynasty ( 581-618 CE ), in terms of the development of Chinese poetry, lacks distinction, though it nonetheless represents a continuity between the Six Dynasties and the poetry of Tang.

" He concluded, " Although Love's Labour's Lost does not score the kind of complete success that Branagh has achieved with his other Shakespeare adaptations, it is a welcome addition, not only because it represents the first time the play has been brought to the screen, but because it shows the lengths to which the director is willing to stretch the envelope.

Although the rear is not physically attached, it sits just above the serpent's tail and also represents blood ”.

Although Frescobaldi was influenced by numerous earlier composers such as the Neapolitans Ascanio Mayone and Giovanni Maria Trabaci and the Venetian Claudio Merulo, his music represents much more than a summary of its influences.

Although Fox is a Fourth Dimensionist, his group represents the more humanitarian version of the Dimension threesome.

Although Althusser's Marxist philosophy may repel many people today, his criticisms of the notion of a " neutral science ", which followed the Frankfurt School's criticisms of scientific and technical progress, and his conception of a cumulative although discontinuous " progress " of philosophy represents one of the toughest attempts to conceive a cumulative progress of sciences and philosophy ( both subsumed under the term of " theory ") without falling into a plain scientist optimism about a " continuous and linear necessary progress ".

" Although outwardly polite and gracious, he represents a dangerous hidden agenda.

Although it was dark as usual I could see that the hall had only recently contained a great many people.

Although he used the usual French terms " avant J .- C ." ( before Jesus Christ ) and " après J .- C ." ( after Jesus Christ ) to label years elsewhere in his book, the Byzantine historian Venance Grumel used negative years ( identified by a minus sign, −) to label BC years and unsigned positive years to label AD years in a table, possibly to save space, without a year 0 between them.

Although central banks today are generally associated with fiat money, the 19th and early 20th centuries central banks in most of Europe and Japan developed under the international gold standard, elsewhere free banking or currency boards were more usual at this time.

Although a " bijection " seems a more advanced concept than a number, the usual development of mathematics in terms of set theory defines functions before numbers, as they are based on much simpler sets.

Although his guards thought that it was odd for him not to rise at his usual time, they were under strict orders not to disturb him and left him alone the entire day.

Although a product of the political culture of his day, he refused to play politics according to the usual rules and was not as aggressive in courting political support as he could have been.

Although the very subject matter caused it to be considered scandalous at the time, its brief revival three decades later, in the open and radicalized culture of the late 1960s, when the author was approaching his 70th birthday, found the once-ahead-of-its-time work judged as a tame and dated period piece below Achard's usual literary standard.

Although there are problems with writing a satisfactory biography of many medieval people, the problems with Wallace are greater than usual.

Although jennets come into heat within 9 or 10 days of giving birth, their fertility remains low and it is usual to wait one or two further oestrous cycles before rebreeding.

Although called a white oak, it is very unusual to find an individual specimen with white bark ; the usual color is a light gray.

Although it is usual to speak of Vishnu as the source of the avatars, within the Vaishnavism branch of Hinduism Narayana, Vasudeva, and Krishna are also seen as names denoting divine aspects which descend as avatars.

Although the Metropolitan Statistical Area does not consist of the usual principal-city-with-suburbs geography, Fayetteville's adjacent communities include Elkins, Farmington Greenland, Habberton, Johnson, and Wyman.

Although performances striving for authenticity are now usual, it is generally agreed that there can never be a definitive version of Messiah ; the surviving manuscripts contain radically different settings of many numbers, and vocal and instrumental ornamentation of the written notes is a matter of personal judgment, even for the most historically informed performers.

Although he was at least sixty-five years of age at this period, his poetic faculty displayed itself with more than usual warmth and lustre in the glowing series of elegies, styled Eridanus, which he poured forth to commemorate the rapture of this union.

Although it is well known that the usual choice in logic of AND, OR and NOT is somewhat arbitrary, Codd made a similar arbitrary choice for his algebra.

Although not in their usual range, anhingas have been found as far north as the states of Pennsylvania and Wisconsin in the United States.

Although the collector could count the number of holes using a ruler, the usual practice is to use a perforation gauge, which has preprinted patterns of holes in a selection of common perforations, requiring one merely to line up the stamp's perforations with the closest match.

Although the NDA was later accepted, Digital Research would not accept IBM's proposal of $ 250, 000 in exchange for as many copies as IBM could sell, insisting on the usual royalty-based plan.

Although collodion was normally used in this wet form, the material could also be used in humid (" preserved ") or dry form, but at the cost of greatly increased exposure time, making these forms unsuitable for the usual work of most professional photographers — portraiture.

Although polemic, which would definitely clarify the discipline ’ s past erratic wanderings and amnesias and an almost total theoretic oblivion in the field of history in Slovenia, is not a usual tool of scientific communication in these regions, it is nevertheless clear that Taja Kramberger has opened ( among some other researchers, such as Drago Braco Rotar, Rastko Močnik, Maja Breznik, Lev Centrih, Primož Krašovec, in a small, theoretically much less pertinent part also Marta Verginella and Oto Luthar ) an important segment of future debates, which are needed to elucidate some of the neglected and spontaneously transmitted chapters of the Slovenian ( distinctly ethnocentric and Sonderweg ) history.

Although Oates was injured at the beginning of the season ( during which time Kariya played with his usual centre, Rucchin ), the trio formed the Ducks ' top line.

Although Blues winger Jay McClement was in possession of the jersey number 9 upon Kariya's arrival in the off-season, he surrendered it so Kariya could retain his usual number.

Although some names could be abbreviated multiple ways, the following tables include only the most usual abbreviation, if any, for each name.

" Although the usual total given for those who came forward at invitations is an even million, one modern historian estimates the true figure to be closer to 1, 250, 000.

Although leg-flags may sometimes have individual codes on them, their more usual use is to code for the sites where the birds were banded in order to elucidate their migration routes and staging areas.