Originally released for the IBM 6150 RISC workstation, AIX now supports or has supported a wide variety of hardware platforms, including the IBM RS / 6000 series and later IBM POWER and PowerPC-based systems, IBM System i, System / 370 mainframes, PS / 2 personal computers, and the Apple Network Server.

While studying physics at the Case Institute of Technology, Knuth was introduced to the IBM 650, one of the early mainframes.

These architectures range from the Intel / AMD 32-bit / 64-bit architectures commonly found in personal computers to the ARM architecture commonly found in embedded systems and the IBM eServer zSeries mainframes.

* FORTRAN H, a Fortran implementation for the IBM System / 360 and System / 370 mainframes

Notable exceptions include IBM mainframes, which support IBM's own format ( in addition to the IEEE 754 binary and decimal formats ), and Cray vector machines, where the T90 series had an IEEE version, but the SV1 still uses Cray floating-point format.

IBM mainframes are large computer systems produced by IBM from 1952 to the present.

Current mainframes in IBM's line of business computers are developments of the basic design of the IBM System / 360.

Prior to System / 360, IBM also sold computers smaller in scale that were not considered mainframes, though they were still bulky and expensive by modern standards.

IBM had difficulty getting customers to upgrade from the smaller machines to the mainframes because so much software had to be rewritten.

Midrange computer is a designation used by IBM for a class of computer systems which fall in between mainframes and microcomputers.

The different processors on current IBM mainframes are:

The primary operating systems in use on current IBM mainframes include z / OS ( which followed MVS and OS / 390 ), z / VM ( previously VM / CMS ), z / VSE ( which is in the DOS / 360 lineage ), z / TPF ( a successor of Airlines Control Program ), and Linux on System z such as SUSE Linux Enterprise Server and others.

Current IBM mainframes run all the major enterprise transaction processing environments and databases, including CICS, IMS, WebSphere Application Server, DB2, and Oracle.

The 80286 provided built in memory protection mechanisms which had been almost exclusive to mainframes and minicomputers ( CPUs like the NS320xx and M68000 needed additional components in order to implement MMU functions ) and the large performance enhancements represented by the 80286 and many of its successors would pave the way for the x86 and the IBM PC architecture to extend from low performance personal computers all the way to high-end workstations and servers and even drive the market for other architectures.

The IBM 3270 is a class of block oriented terminals made by IBM originally introduced in 1972 ( known as " display devices ") normally used to communicate with IBM mainframes.

IBM mainframes used an EBCDIC character set and CP / M and DEC machines used ASCII, so conversion between the two character sets was one of the early functions built into Kermit.

One of its major products was the SA-10, an interface which allowed PDP-10s to be connected to disk and tape drives designed for use with the channel interfaces of IBM mainframes.

Should Rousseau have been able to leave room in his social theory for the advent of television, atomic energy, and IBM machines??

For a time, memory capacities were often expressed in K, even when M could have been used: The IBM System / 370 Model 158 brochure ( 1972 ) had the following: " Real storage capacity is available in 512K increments ranging from 512K to 2, 048K bytes.

Backplanes have grown in complexity from the simple Industry Standard Architecture ( ISA ) ( used in the original IBM PC ) or S-100 style where all the connectors were connected to a common bus.

For example, an IBM PC might have either a monochrome or a color display adapter ( using different display memory addresses and hardware ), but a single, standard, BIOS system call may be invoked to display a character at a specified position on the screen in text mode.

Some general-purpose DBMSs, like Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, and IBM DB2, have been undergoing upgrades for thirty years or more.

Several DBMS products like Oracle and IBM DB2 have been in on-going development since the 1970s-1980s.

Several DBMS products like Oracle and IBM DB2 have been in on-going development since the 1970s-1980s.

While IBM was a chief proponent of the ASCII standardization committee, they did not have time to prepare ASCII peripherals ( such as card punch machines ) to ship with its System / 360 computers, so the company settled on EBCDIC.

DRI, which had only a few products, might have been unwilling to sell its main product to IBM for a one-time payment rather than its usual royalty-based plan.

Or, the IBM representatives might have been annoyed that DRI had spent hours on what they considered a routine formality.

The Debian project, among others, have worked on the Hurd project to produce binary distributions of Hurd-based GNU operating systems for IBM PC compatible systems.

Unlike with Windows 3. 1, IBM did not have access to the source code for Windows 95 and was unwilling to commit the time and resources to emulate the moving target of the Win32 API.

Introduced by IBM in 1956, hard disk drives have been the dominant device for secondary storage of data in general purpose computers since the early 1960s.

Donald Knuth notes that Hans Peter Luhn of IBM appears to have been the first to use the concept, in a memo dated January 1953, and that Robert Morris used the term in a survey paper in CACM which elevated the term from technical jargon to formal terminology.

However, about once a week some character spots the fact that HAL is one letter ahead of IBM, and promptly assumes that Stanley and I were taking a crack at the estimable institution ... As it happened, IBM had given us a good deal of help, so we were quite embarrassed by this, and would have changed the name had we spotted the coincidence.

) The earliest use of the phrase seems to have been in an IBM advertising supplement to the New York Times published on April 30, 1961 and by Frank Fremont-Smith, Director of the American Institute of Biological Sciences Interdisciplinary Conference Program, in an April 1961 article in the AIBS Bulletin ( p.

The first operating systems for IBM computers were written by IBM customers who did not wish to have their very expensive machines ($ 2M USD in the mid-1950s ) sitting idle while operators set up jobs manually.

A well-known class of IBM PC keyboards is the Model M. Introduced in 1985 and manufactured by IBM, Lexmark and Unicomp, the vast majority of Model M keyboards feature a buckling spring key design and many have fully swappable keycaps.

From the beginning, it was attended by large corporations, such as IBM and DEC. Interoperability conferences have been held every year since then.

There have been a handful of IBM cases — about 15 or so — that have shown clear evidence of a virus called HTLV-1.

Some 67 % of IBM patients have a particular combination of human leukocyte antigen genes in a section of the 8. 1 ancestral haplotype in the center of the MHC class II region.

In 2003, the SCO Group alleged that ( among other infractions ) IBM had misappropriated licensed source code from UNIX System V Release 4 for incorporation into AIX ; SCO subsequently withdrew IBM's license to develop and distribute AIX.

The original AIX ( sometimes called AIX / RT ) was developed for the IBM 6150 RT workstation by IBM in conjunction with Interactive Systems Corporation, who had previously ported UNIX System III to the IBM PC for IBM as PC / IX.

DS had the distinction of being built on top of SNA, and thereby being fully compatible with DS on the IBM midrange AS / 400 and mainframe systems.

In the meantime IBM had released its original IBM PC, which incidentally looked remarkably like the Asters base with floppy drives + separate keyboard set-up.

The IBM 650, a decimal machine, had one 10 digit accumulator ; the IBM 7070, a later, transistorized decimal machine had three accumulators.

The first commercially sold disk drive, the IBM 350, had 50 ( not 32 or 64 ) physical disk " platters " containing a total of 50, 000 sectors of 100 characters each, for a total quoted capacity of " 5 million characters.

As well, the IBM Selectric typewriter had several of them.

The original System / 360 models of IBM mainframe had read-only control store, but later System / 360, System / 370 and successor models loaded part or all of their microprograms from floppy disks or other DASD into a writable control store consisting of ultra-high speed random-access read-write memory.

" The IBM COMTRAN language invented by Bob Bemer was also drawn upon, but the FACT language specification from Honeywell was not distributed to committee members until late in the process and had relatively little impact.

By the late 1980s, the personal computer market had become dominated by the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh platforms.

By this point, both the IBM PC and Apple Macintosh had a much larger market share than the Amiga platform.

In 1984 IBM introduced the Enhanced Graphics Adapter which was capable of producing 16 colors and had a resolution of 640 by 350.

An IBM-made 386 machine eventually reached the market seven months later, but by that time Compaq was the 386 supplier of choice and IBM had lost its image of technical leadership.

By the mid-1990s, Compaq's price war had enabled it to overtake IBM and Apple, while other IBM PC Compatible manufacturers such as Packard Bell and AST were driven from the market.

The S-boxes of DES were much more resistant to the attack than if they had been chosen at random, strongly suggesting that IBM knew about the technique in the 1970s.

IBM also had their own DBMS system in 1968, known as IMS.