Because of its paramagnetic properties, solutions of chelated organic gadolinium complexes are used as intravenously administered gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents in medical magnetic resonance imaging.

MRI provides good contrast between the different soft tissues of the body, which makes it especially useful in imaging the brain, muscles, the heart, and cancers compared with other medical imaging techniques such as computed tomography ( CT ) or X-rays.

The basis of this ability is the complex library of pulse sequences that the modern medical MRI scanner includes, each of which is optimized to provide image contrast based on the chemical sensitivity of MRI.

In contrast to much of medical anthropology, it does not generally take a critical approach to biomedicine and Western medicine.

Physicians and scientists are often labeled as adherents of the medical model by " Deaf " individuals, who contrast it with their own cultural model.

In contrast to the medical model of Deafness, the deaf community, rather than embrace the view that deafness is a " personal tragedy ", sees all aspects of the deaf experience as positive.

In contrast, the investigation of the roles and functions of single genes is a primary focus of molecular biology or genetics and is a common topic of modern medical and biological research.

In contrast, a 2009 article in the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society noted that “ attempts to dismiss the hobbits as pathological people have failed repeatedly because the medical diagnoses of dwarfing syndromes and microcephaly bear no resemblance to the unique anatomy of Homo floresiensis .”

In contrast, a medical examiner is typically a physician who holds the degree of Doctor of Medicine or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine.

In contrast to the commercial model, there is non-profit publishing, where the publishing organization is either organised specifically for the purpose of publishing, such as a university press, or is one of the functions of an organisation such as a medical charity, founded to achieve specific practical goals.

* A review on the subject of medical X-ray examinations and metal based contrast agents, by Shi-Bao Yu and Alan D. Watson, Chemical Reviews, 1999, volume 99, pages 2353 – 2378

At this time, the German medical tradition was inclined more towards ‘ romantic speculation ’ and ‘ naked empiricism ’, in contrast with the more scientific approach found in England and France.

Because domesticated rats are protected from predators and have ready access to food, water, shelter, and medical care, their average lifespan is around 2 years, in contrast to wild R. norvegicus, which average a lifespan of less than one year.

In contrast, scientists assessing the usefulness of animal models of Parkinson's disease, as well as the medical research charity The Parkinson's Appeal, state that these models were invaluable and that they led to improved surgical treatments such as pallidotomy, new drug treatments such as levodopa, and later deep brain stimulation.

In contrast to the goal of medical professionals ( a safe childbirth ), the goal of a doula is to ensure the mother feels safe and confident before, during, and after delivery.

This is in contrast to the medical definition of spinal subluxation which, according to the WHO, is a " significant structural displacement ", and therefore visible on X-rays.

In contrast, the more extensive algorithm by the European Society of Cardiology ( ESC ) weights the difference between supporting and opposing parameters from the medical history, physical examination, further medical tests as well as response to therapy.

Scientific studies that evaluate the health effects of betel leaves by itself are however limited, in contrast to extensive medical studies on betel quid or paan which refer only to the betel quid or " paan ", which always includes betel leaf with additional substances such as those discussed above.

Her case was reported in detail by Dr. Edmundo Escomel in the medical journal La Presse Médicale, including the additional details that her menarche had occurred at eight months of age, in contrast to a past report stating that she had been having regular periods since she was three years old ( or 2½ according to a different article ).

The MMPI-2-RF computer scoring offers an option for the administrator to select a specific reference group with which to contrast and compare an individual's obtained scores ; comparison groups include clinical, non-clinical, medical, forensic, and pre-employment settings, to name a few.

This is in contrast to the account of Ibn Fadlan, whose views on hygiene ( based on Islamic teachings on cleanliness and Islamic medical knowledge ) contrasted with that of the Rus '.

In contrast, medical journals ( e. g. The Lancet ) typically focus on reaching medical professionals as their main audience, although the boundaries between these two categories is increasingly blurry.

In contrast, in vivo work is that which is conducted with living organisms in their normal, intact state, while ex vivo studies are conducted on functional organs that have been removed from the intact organism.

Macroevolutionary studies focus on change that occurs at or above the level of species, in contrast with microevolution, which refers to smaller evolutionary changes ( typically described as changes in allele frequencies ) within a species or population.

( Sometimes known as the ' need for contrast ' argument in GCSE Religious studies examinations.

Recent studies have shown that 3T MRI using super high resolution imaging and contrast injection can non-invasively diagnose this disorder with high specificity and sensitivity.

In any of several studies that treat the use of signs-for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, and semiotics-the extension of a concept, idea, or sign consists of the things to which it applies, in contrast with its comprehension or intension, which consists very roughly of the ideas, properties, or corresponding signs that are implied or suggested by the concept in question.

In contrast to the other common sex chromosome aneuploidies — 47, XXX, 45, X ( Turner syndrome ), and 47, XXY ( Klinefelter syndrome )— the average IQ scores of 47, XYY boys identified by newborn screening programs were not reduced compared to the general population .< ref name =" Bender 1986 ">< ref name =" Leggett 2010 "> In a summary of six prospective studies of 47, XYY boys identified by newborn screening programs, twenty-eight 47, XYY boys had an average 100. 76 verbal IQ, 108. 79 performance IQ, and 105. 00 full-scale IQ.

Kidney problems following intravenous contrast agents may also be a concern in some types of studies.

But it is worth mentioning that in contrast with initial data, two recent studies have failed to confirm the RELN hypermethylation, and psychotropic medication could in itself affect the reelin expression in the brain, as animal studies show ( see below ).

In contrast to suggestions of an immature barrier in young animals, these studies indicate that a sophisticated, selective BBB is operative at birth.

In contrast to USA doctoral-level studies, doctoral candidate does not follow any lectures nor pass additional exams, instead he / she focuses solely on research.

In contrast to meteorology, which focuses on short term weather systems lasting up to a few weeks, climatology studies the frequency and trends of those systems.

In contrast to meteorology, which studies short term weather systems lasting up to a few weeks, climatology studies the frequency and trends of those systems.

Cytopathology is generally used on samples of free cells or tissue fragments, in contrast to histopathology, which studies whole tissues.

By contrast with sociology, social studies courses often consist of a general and opinion-led discussion of topics without reference to academic theorists or research.

Three studies in 1992 were the first to explore using the BOLD contrast in humans.

In contrast to highly specialized, research-oriented doctoral study, these programs reflect the emphasis on interdisciplinary studies and the close student-teacher relationship that have come to be characteristic of the College's undergraduate program.

According to a meta-analysis of prospective studies by the Cochrane Collaboration, the appearance of water-soluble contrast in the cecum on an abdominal radiograph within 24 hours of oral administration predicts resolution of an adhesive small bowel obstruction with a pooled sensitivity of 96 % and specificity of 96 %.

( By contrast, most engineers in China at this time were not the " hands on " type ; instead, theoretical studies were preferred.

Theology stands in contrast to the philosophy of religion and religious studies in that, generally, the scholar is first and foremost a believer employing both logic and scripture as evidence.

In contrast to many other antidepressants, bupropion does not cause weight gain or sexual dysfunction ; in most studies, groups placed on bupropion showed statistically significant increases in libido, and mild to moderate weight loss.