rheology ) is the Greek word for " to stream, and to the etymology of Rhea according to Plato's Cratylus.

However, modern rheology typically deals with non-Newtonian fluid dynamics, so it is often considered a sub-field of continuum mechanics.

The experimental characterization of a material's rheological behaviour is known as rheometry, although the term rheology is frequently used synonymously with rheometry, particularly by experimentalists.

In practice, rheology is principally concerned with extending continuum mechanics to characterize flow of materials, that exhibits a combination of elastic, viscous and plastic behaviour by properly combining elasticity and ( Newtonian ) fluid mechanics.

Much of theoretical rheology is concerned with associating external forces and torques with internal stresses and internal strain gradients and velocities.

One of the major tasks of rheology is to empirically establish the relationships between deformations and stresses, respectively their derivatives by adequate measurements, although a number of theoretical developments ( such as assuring frame invariants ) are also required before using the empirical data.

The characterization of flow or deformation originating from a simple shear stress field is called shear rheometry ( or shear rheology ).

The study of extensional flows is called extensional rheology.

Food rheology is important in the manufacture and processing of food products, e. g. cheese.

Food rheology is the study of the rheological properties of food, that is, the consistency and flow of food under tightly specified conditions.

Food rheology is important in quality control during food manufacture and processing.

However, since rheology is concerned with fluids which do not have a fixed viscosity, but one which can vary with flow and time, calculation of the Reynolds number can be complicated.

Because it is thought to be the most abundant mineral in Earth ’ s mantle at shallower depths, the properties of olivine have a dominant influence upon the rheology of that part of Earth and hence upon the solid flow that drives plate tectonics.

The Deborah number is a dimensionless number, often used in rheology to characterize the fluidity of materials under specific flow conditions.

Strain is both accumulative and instantaneous depending on the rheology of the rock ; the ductile lower crust and mantle accumulates deformation gradually via shearing, whereas the brittle upper crust reacts by fracture-instantaneous stress release-to cause motion along the fault.

The Deborah number, a dimensionless number used in rheology, is named after her.

Xanthan gum is a polysaccharide, derived from the bacterial coat of Xanthomonas campestris, used as a food additive and rheology modifier, commonly used as a food thickening agent ( in salad dressings, for example ) and a stabilizer ( in cosmetic products, for example, to prevent ingredients from separating ).

Fiber simulation is a branch of mechanics that deals with modeling the dynamics and rheology of particles of large aspect ratio, or fibers with the goal of predicting the properties of fiber suspensions and networks based on first principles.

The distinction between crust and mantle is based on chemistry, rock types, rheology and seismic characteristics.

In rheology, Trouton's ratio is the ratio of extensional viscosity to shear viscosity.

Spinnbarkeit ( English: spinnability ), also known as fibrosity, is a biomedical rheology term which refers to the stringy or stretchy property found to varying degrees in mucus, saliva, albumen and similar viscoelastic fluids.

It differs from other whey protein concentrate mainly by virtue of the principles of food rheology ; it is produced by a mechanical, rather than a chemical process.

Researchers in the field seek to apply the results of many sciences, including cryobiology, cryogenics, rheology, emergency medicine, etc.

:* Some practitioners consider rheology a sub-field of materials science, because it can cover any material that flows.

The term rheology was coined by Eugene C. Bingham, a professor at Lafayette College, in 1920, from a suggestion by a colleague, Markus Reiner.

Theoretical aspects of rheology are the relation of the flow / deformation behaviour of material and its internal structure ( e. g., the orientation and elongation of polymer molecules ), and the flow / deformation behaviour of materials that cannot be described by classical fluid mechanics or elasticity.

Granular rheology refers to the continuum mechanical description of granular materials.

The science of rheology and the characterization of viscoelastic properties in the production and use of polymeric materials has been critical for the production of many products for use in both the industrial and military sectors.

In rheology, an acoustic rheometer relies on the principle of ultrasound.

* Ultrasound attenuation can be used for extensional rheology measurement.

Structure and rheology of aqueous gels.

The one apparent connection between the two is a score of buildings which somehow or other have survived and which naturally enough are called `` historical monuments ''.

The central concern of Erich Auerbach's impressive volume called Mimesis is to describe the shift from a classic theory of imitation ( based upon a recognition of levels of truth ) to a Christian theory of imitation in which the levels are dissolved.

To this end political authority is called upon to exercise its negative and coercive powers.

Even when he is called upon for impromptu remarks, he has notes written on the back of handy envelopes.

Within this frame of reference policies appropriate to claims advanced in the name of the Jews depend upon which Jewish identity is involved, as well as upon the nature of the claim, the characteristics of the claimant, the justifications proposed, and the predispositions of the community decision makers who are called upon to act.

Therefore, what we must prove or disprove is that there were Saxons, in the broad sense in which we must construe the word, in the area of the Saxon Shore at the time it was called the Saxon Shore.

The work as it stands is not the entire book that Malraux wrote at that time -- it is only the first section of a three-part novel called La Lutte avec l'Ange ; ;

And by a skillful and unobtrusive use of imagery ( the enclosure is called a `` Roman-camp stockade '', the hastily erected lean-to is a `` Babylonian hovel '', the men begin to look like `` Peruvian mummies '' and to acquire `` Gothic faces '' ), Malraux projects a fresco of human endurance -- which is also the endurance of the human -- stretching backward into the dark abyss of time.

His very honest act called up the recent talk I had with another minister, a modest Methodist, who said: `` I feel so deeply blessed by God when I can give a message of love and comfort to other men, and I would have it no other way: and it is unworthy to think of self.

RCA Victor has an ambitious and useful project in a stereo series called `` Adventures In Music '', which is an instructional record library for elementary schools.

Where then is the sound planning and cooperation between agencies within the community that you have called for in other editorials??

The `` fruitful course '' of metropolitanization that you recommend is currently practiced by the town of East Greenwich and had its inception long before we learned what it was called.

Here, then, is what Swift would have called a modest proposal by way of a beginning.

The Act further provides for a `` floor '' or minimum allotment, set at the 1954 level, which is called the `` base '' allotment, and a `` ceiling '' or maximum allotment, for each State.

And, given probable public attitudes -- about which reasonably good estimates can be made -- what action is called for to insure necessary support??

Cathy J. Hanover ( Tar Heel-Kaola Hanover ), formerly called Karet Hanover, has been rather a problem child, but is getting better all the while and can pace a twice around in about 2:31.

Ordinary politeness may have militated against this opinion being stated so badly but anyone with a wide acquaintance in both groups and who has sat through the many round tables, workshops or panel discussions -- whatever they are called -- on this subject will recognize that the final, boiled down crux of the matter is education.

This meeting was called to determine how these groups might cooperate to launch what is known as the Outdoor Education Project.

Sixty miles north of New York City where the wooded hills of Dutchess County meet the broad sweep of the Hudson River there is a new home development called `` Oakwood Heights ''.

At the same time, however, I availed myself of the services of that great English actor and master of make-up, Sir Gauntley Pratt, to do a `` quickie '' called The Mystery of the Mad Marquess, in which I played a young American girl who inherits a haunted castle on the English moors which is filled with secret passages and sliding panels and, unbeknownst to anyone, is still occupied by an eccentric maniac.

I called the other afternoon on my old friend, Graves Moreland, the Anglo-American literary critic -- his mother was born in Ohio -- who lives alone in a fairy-tale cottage on the Upson Downs, raising hell and peacocks, the former only when the venerable gentleman becomes an angry old man about the state of literature or something else that is dwindling and diminishing, such as human stature, hope, and humor.