Afonso II (; English Alphonzo ), or Affonso ( Archaic Portuguese ), Alfonso or Alphonso ( Portuguese-Galician ) or Alphonsus ( Latin version ), nicknamed " the Fat " ( Portuguese o Gordo ), King of Portugal, was born in Coimbra on 23 April 1185 and died on 25 March 1223 in the same city.

Afonso III (; rare English alternatives: Alphonzo or Alphonse ), or Affonso ( Archaic Portuguese ), Alfonso or Alphonso ( Portuguese-Galician ) or Alphonsus ( Latin ), the Bolognian ( Port.

Aelia Capitolina (; Latin in full: Colonia Aelia Capitolina ) was a city built by the emperor Hadrian, and occupied by a Roman colony, on the site of Jerusalem, which was in ruins since 70 AD, leading in part to the Bar Kokhba revolt of 132 – 136.

Byzantium (;, Byzántion ; Latin: ) was an ancient Greek city, founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 657 BC and named after their king Byzas ( Greek: Βύζας, Býzas, genitive Βύζαντος, Býzantos ).

(; ) is a philosophical Latin statement proposed by.

Mistelle (; ; Spanish, Portuguese, Galician and, from Latin / " mix ") is sometimes used as an ingredient in fortified wines, particularly Vermouth, Marsala and Sherry, though it is used mainly as a base for apéritifs such as the French Pineau des Charentes.

Giordano Bruno (; 1548 – February 17, 1600 ), ( Latin: Iordanus Brunus Nolanus ) born Filippo Bruno, was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, mathematician and astronomer.

Greater Poland or Great Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (; Latin: Polonia Maior ) is a historical region of west-central Poland.

Jonah (; or ; Greek / Latin: Ionas ) is the name given in the Hebrew Bible ( Tanakh / Old Testament ) to a prophet of the northern kingdom of Israel in about the 8th century BC, the eponymous central character in the Book of Jonah, famous for being swallowed by a fish or a whale, depending on translation.

Lyra (; Latin for lyre, from Greek λύρα ) is a small constellation.

Messiah (; in modern Jewish texts in English sometimes spelled Moshiach ; Aramaic:, Greek:, Syriac:,,,, Latin: Messias ) literally means " anointed ".

It was formerly referred to as Serpentarius (; also Anguitenens ), a Latin word meaning the same as its current name.

Prima facie (; from ) is a Latin expression meaning on its first encounter, first blush, or at first sight.

The phrase quod erat demonstrandum is a translation into Latin from the Greek (; abbreviated as ΟΕΔ ).

He is perhaps best known for the philosophical statement " Cogito ergo sum " (; ), found in part IV of Discourse on the Method ( 1637 – written in French but with inclusion of " Cogito ergo sum ") and § 7 of part I of Principles of Philosophy ( 1644 – written in Latin ).

Trier (;, ; ; ; ; the Latin adjective associated with the city is Treverensis ), historically called in English Treves, is a city in Germany on the banks of the Moselle.

Mercury (; Latin: Mercurius ) was a messenger who wore winged sandals, and a god of trade, merchants, and travel, the son of Maia Maiestas and Jupiter in Roman mythology.

Kanji (; ) are the adopted logographic Chinese characters ( hanzi ) that are used in the modern Japanese writing system along with hiragana ( ひらがな, ), katakana ( カタカナ, ), Hindu numerals, and the occasional use of the Latin alphabet.

An oak is a tree or shrub in the genus Quercus (; Latin " oak tree "), of which about 600 species exist.

Sui generis (; ) is an adjective borrowed from the Latin, meaning " of its own kind / genus " or " unique in its characteristics ".

Reggio di Calabria (; Sicilian-Calabrian dialect: Rìggiu, Greek-Calabrian: Righi, Greek:, Rhégion, Latin: Rhegium ), commonly known as Reggio Calabria or Reggio, is the biggest city and the most populated comune of Calabria, southern Italy, and is the capital of the Province of Reggio Calabria and seat of the Council of Calabrian government.

Salvador Allende Gossens (; 26 June 1908 – 11 September 1973 ) was a Chilean physician and politician, known as the first Marxist to become president of a Latin American country through open elections.

A falchion (; Old French: fauchon ; Latin: falx, " sickle ") is a one-handed, single-edged sword of European origin, whose design is reminiscent of the Persian scimitar and the Chinese dao.

The Doge of Venice (; Venetian: Doxe ; ; both derived from Latin dux, " military leader "), often mistranslated as Duke ( the Italian word for duke is " Duca "), was the chief magistrate and leader of the Most Serene Republic of Venice for over a thousand years.

* Shalom aleichem (; " well-being be upon you " or " may you be well "), this expression is used to greet others and is a Hebrew equivalent of " hello ".

* may be donated carrion to eat if in need, but must observe ritual after eating carrion or treif to escape sin (; )

In Islam, iddah or iddat (; period of waiting ) is the period a woman must observe after the death of her spouse or after a divorce, during which she may not marry another man.

Nasir ud-din Muhammad Humayun (; full title: Al-Sultan al -' Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram, Jam-i-Sultanat-i-haqiqi wa Majazi, Sayyid al-Salatin, Abu ' l Muzaffar Nasir ud-din Muhammad Humayun Padshah Ghazi, Zillu ' llah ; OS 7 March 1508 – OS 17 January 1556 ) was the second Mughal Emperor who ruled present day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of northern India from 1530 – 1540 and again from 1555 – 1556.

Jan Tomáš Forman (; born February 18, 1932 ), known as Miloš Forman (, ), is a Czech-American director, screenwriter, and professor, who since 1968 has lived and worked primarily outside the former Czechoslovakia and the present Czech Republic.

Blessed Junípero Serra (; ), known as Fra Juníper Serra in Catalan, his mother tongue, () ( November 24, 1713 – August 28, 1784 ) was a Majorcan Franciscan friar who founded the mission chain in Alta California of the Las Californias Province in New Spain — present day California, United States.

John Caius ( born John Kays ) (; 6 October 1510 – 29 July 1573 ), also known as Johannes Caius, was an English physician, and second founder of the present Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.

A caron ( ˇ ) or háček (; from Czech háček ), also known as a wedge, inverted circumflex, inverted hat, is a diacritic placed over certain letters to indicate present or historical palatalization, iotation, or postalveolar pronunciation in the orthography of some Baltic, Slavic, Finno-Lappic, and other languages.

The Blue Cliff Record (; ; Korean: Byeokamrok, 벽암록 ( 碧巖錄 ); Vietnamese: Bích nham lục ( 碧巖錄 )) is a collection of Chán Buddhist koans originally compiled in China during the Song dynasty in 1125 ( 宋宣和七年 ) and then expanded into its present form by the Chán master Yuanwu Keqin ( 圜悟克勤 1063 – 1135 ).

The epididymis (; plural: epididymides ) is part of the male reproductive system and is present in all male amniotes.

Angkor Thom (; literally: " Great City "), located in present day Cambodia, was the last and most enduring capital city of the Khmer empire.

Beckwith – Wiedemann syndrome (; abbreviated BWS ) is an overgrowth disorder usually ( but not always ) present at birth characterized by an increased risk of childhood cancer and certain congenital features.

In Chinese mythology and culture, the three-legged crow is called the Sanzuwu (; Cantonese: sam < sup > 1 </ sup > zuk < sup > 1 </ sup > wu < sup > 1 </ sup >; Shanghainese: sae tsoh u ) and is present in many myths and is also mentioned in the Shanhaijing.

Ems-Oriental (; ) is the name of a département of the First French Empire in present Germany.

Ignasi Guardans i Cambó (; born on 18 May 1964 in Barcelona, Catalonia ) is a Spanish former politician, currently an independent figure still present in the Spanish media and public opinion.

His History of Revolution and Reaction in Prussia and Germany from the Revolution of 1848 up to the present (; 3 vols., 1883 – 1884 ) was a collection of important political essays.

The Moesi (; ) were a Daco-Thracian tribe who inhabited present day Serbia and Bulgaria, part of the then Roman province of Moesia, which was named after them in 87 AD by the Romans after the Romans under Crassus defeated them in the 29 BC.