This led to the conclusion ( Moseley's law ) that the atomic number does closely correspond ( with an offset of one unit for K-lines, in Moseley's work ) to the calculated electric charge of the nucleus, i. e. the proton number Z.

In the case of parallelization, Amdahl's law states that if P is the proportion of a program that can be made parallel ( i. e., benefit from parallelization ), and ( 1 − P ) is the proportion that cannot be parallelized ( remains serial ), then the maximum speedup that can be achieved by using N processors is

On the continent of Europe among some civil law systems ( i. e. those deriving from Roman law or the Napoleonic Code ), the inquisitorial system may be used for some types of cases.

In most but not all modern states the constitution has supremacy over ordinary Statutory law ( see Uncodified constitution below ); in such states when an official act is unconstitutional, i. e. it is not a power granted to the government by the constitution, that act is null and void, and the nullification is ab initio, that is, from inception, not from the date of the finding.

For example, most areas of law in most Anglo-American jurisdictions include " statutory law " enacted by a legislature, " regulatory law " promulgated by executive branch agencies pursuant to delegation of rule-making authority from the legislature, and common law or " case law ", i. e., decisions issued by courts ( or quasi-judicial tribunals within agencies ).

Costa Rica's distance from the capital in Guatemala, its legal prohibition under Spanish law to trade with its southern neighbors in Panama, then part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada ( i. e., Colombia ), and the lack of resources such as gold and silver, made Costa Rica into a poor, isolated, and sparsely inhabited region within the Spanish Empire.

Cardinals have in canon law a " privilege of forum " ( i. e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank ): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction ( cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to infringement of ecclesiastical laws and whatever contains an element of sin, where culpability must be determined and the appropriate ecclesiastical penalty imposed ).

"</ i ></ ref > She calls the Holy Ghost " divine Science or the Holy Comforter ," the spiritual law of God operating as the Holy Ghost in the world.

The most prominent kind of company, usually referred to as a " corporation ", is a " juristic person ", i. e. it has separate legal personality, and those who invest money into the business have limited liability for any losses the company makes, governed by corporate law.

Comparative law may also provide insights into the question of legal transplants, i. e. the transplanting of law and legal institutions from one system to another.

The clear implication is that to bare one's throat would be tantamount to suicide ( which Jewish law forbids ) and it would also be considered helping a murderer kill someone and thus would " place an obstacle in front of a blind man " ( i. e., makes it easier for another person to falter in their ways ).

The code has been seen as an early example of a fundamental law regulating a government — i. e., a primitive form of what is now known as a constitution.

Cetaceans also obey Kleiber's law, which states that mass and metabolic rate are inversely related, i. e., larger animals consume less oxygen than smaller animals per unit mass.

The law primarily uses the notion of the consumer in relation to consumer protection laws, and the definition of consumer is often restricted to living persons ( i. e. not corporations or businesses ) and excludes commercial users.

At the same time liberal democracies i. e. countries Freedom House regards as free and respectful of basic human rights and the rule of law are 85 in number and represent 38 percent of the global population.

" (" ingenieur ", i. e. Engineer ) and law " mr ." (" meester, i. e. Master of Law ) where the title dr. is added to the original master title.

* Practices in arbitration and law, e. g., the claim that ethics itself is a matter of balancing " right versus right ," i. e., putting priorities on two things that are both right, but that must be traded off carefully in each situation.

For subject matter jurisdiction, the claims in the case must either: ( 1 ) raise a Federal Question ( i. e., a cause of action or defense arising under the Constitution, a Federal statute, or the law of admiralty ); or have diversity of parties ( i. e., all of the defendants are from a different state than the Plaintiff ), and have an amount in controversy that exceeds a monetary threshold ( which changes from time to time, but is $ 75, 000 as of 2011 ).

The diagonalizable operator is the special case of this in which Af for each i.

The family moved north across the Ohio River to free ( i. e., non-slave ) territory and made a new start in what was then Perry County but is now Spencer County, Indiana.

This is similar to the notion of chivalry, but unlike that European concept, in i ' thar attention is focused on everything in existence.

However, i ' thar is also still an Islamic ideal to which all Muslims should strive to adhere at all times.

* If it is required to use a single number X as an estimate for the value of numbers, then the arithmetic mean does this best, in the sense of minimizing the sum of squares ( x < sub > i </ sub > − X )< sup > 2 </ sup > of the residuals.

An argument of this form is invalid, i. e., the conclusion can be false even when statements 1 and 2 are true.

The ampere ( SI unit symbol: A ), often shortened to amp, is the SI unit of electric current ( quantity symbol: I, i ) and is one of the seven SI base units.

For Euclid ’ s method to succeed, the starting lengths must satisfy two requirements: ( i ) the lengths must not be 0, AND ( ii ) the subtraction must be “ proper ”, a test must guarantee that the smaller of the two numbers is subtracted from the larger ( alternately, the two can be equal so their subtraction yields 0 ).

Phytomelan is not unique to Asparagales ( i. e. it is not a synapomorphy ) but it is common within the order and rare outside it.

The flower is typically somewhat zygomorphic ( i. e. not radially symmetrical ) and has nectaries.

Another theory by Yule and Burnell ( 1886 ) is based on an entry in the Catalogue of Indian Serpents from the Leyden Museum ( Ray, 1693 ) that reads: Anacondaia Zeylonensibus, id est Bubalorum aliorumque jumentorum membra conterens, meaning " the anacondaia of the Ceylonese, i. e. he that crushes the limbs of buffaloes and yoke beasts.

If the method is applied to an infinite sequence ( X < sub > i </ sub >: i ∈ ω ) of nonempty sets, a function is obtained at each finite stage, but there is no stage at which a choice function for the entire family is constructed, and no " limiting " choice function can be constructed, in general, in ZF without the axiom of choice.

* There exists a model of ZF ¬ C in which there is a function f from the real numbers to the real numbers such that f is not continuous at a, but f is sequentially continuous at a, i. e., for any sequence

# Deontological ethics, notions based on ' rules ' i. e. that there is an obligation to perform the ' right ' action, regardless of actual consequences ( epitomized by Kant's notion of the Categorical Imperative )

For example, where a person has committed harmful actions of body, speech and mind based on greed, hatred and delusion, rebirth in a lower realm, i. e. an animal, a ghost or a hell realm, is to be expected.

On the other hand, where a person has performed skillful actions based on generosity, loving-kindness ( metta ), compassion and wisdom, rebirth in a happy realm, i. e. human or one of the many heavenly realms, can be expected.

The outcome was a decision by the 14th International Botanical Congress in 1987 that Amaryllis should be a conserved name ( i. e. correct regardless of priority ) and ultimately based on a specimen of the South African Amaryllis belladonna from the Clifford Herbarium at the British Museum.

Meteorologists ( and most of the temperate countries in the southern hemisphere ) use a definition based on months, with autumn being September, October and November in the northern hemisphere, According to United States tradition, autumn runs from the day after Labor Day ( i. e. the Tuesday following the first Monday of September ) through Thanksgiving ( i. e. the fourth Thursday in November ), after which the holiday season that demarcates the unofficial beginning of winter begins.

However, MUL and DIV are special cases, other arithmetic-logical instructions ( ADD, SUB, CMP, AND, OR, XOR, TEST ) may specify any of the eight registers EAX, ECX, EDX, EBX, ESP, EBP, ESI, EDI as the accumulator ( i. e. left operand and destination ); x86 is thus a fairly general register architecture, despite being based on an accumulator model.

Bidding is based on the premise that the lowest contract available to bidders starts with the proposition to take seven tricks, i. e. one cannot contract to make less than seven tricks.

Before 1931, i. e. through most of Ruth's most productive years, the umpire called the play based on the ball's final resting place " when last seen ".

In Hebrew the book is called Divrei Hayyamim ( i. e. " the matters the days "), based on the phrases sefer divrei ha-yamim le-malkhei Yehudah and " sefer divrei ha-yamim le-malkhei Israel " (" book of the days of the kings of Judah " and " book of the days of the kings of Israel "), both of which appear repeatedly in the Books of Kings.

Kenneth Kitchen, Louis F. Hartman and Alexander Di Lella, for example, date the Aramaic portion more broadly within the Persian period ( i. e., before the 330s BC ), as based on Persian loanwords.

Many ciphers are based on publicly known algorithms or are open source, and so it is only the difficulty of obtaining the key that determines security of the system, provided that there is no analytic attack ( i. e., a ' structural weakness ' in the algorithms or protocols used ), and assuming that the key is not otherwise available ( such as via theft, extortion, or compromise of computer systems ).

Traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ) is based on Yinyangism ( i. e., the combination of Five Phases theory with Yin-yang theory ), which was later absorbed by Daoism.

The 1967 Kinks song " Harry Rag " was based on the usage of the name Harry Wragg as rhyming slang for " fag " ( i. e. a cigarette ).

Due to inherently compact and semantically rich instructions, the average amount of work performed per machine code unit ( i. e. per byte or bit ) is higher for a CISC than a RISC processor, which may give it a significant advantage in a modern cache based implementation.

Planned economies are in contrast to unplanned economies, i. e. the market economy and proposed self-managed economy, where production, distribution, pricing, and investment decisions are made by autonomous firms based upon their individual interests rather than upon a macroeconomic plan.

* query it ( i. e., request information: compute and retrieve any information based on its data ).

Database languages are data-model-specific, i. e., each language assumes and is based on a certain structure of the data ( which typically differs among different data models ).

The more recent DragonBall MX series microcontrollers, later renamed the Freescale i. MX ( MC9328MX / MCIMX ) series, are intended for similar application to the earlier DragonBall devices but are based on an ARM9 or ARM11 processor core instead of a 68000 core.

Experts, however, categorize problems based upon their deep structures ( i. e., the main physics principle used to solve the problem ).

In response to the early-to-mid-17th century " continental rationalism " John Locke ( 1632 – 1704 ) proposed in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding ( 1689 ) a very influential view wherein the only knowledge humans can have is a posteriori, i. e., based upon experience.

American scholar David Bordwell has spoken against many prominent developments film theory since the 1970s, i. e., he uses the humorously derogatory term " SLAB theory " to refer to film studies based on the ideas of Saussure, Lacan, Althusser, and / or Barthes.

The letter is followed by a three-digit number ; the first digit indicates the NOAA " class " ( i. e., size ) of the vessel, which NOAA assigns based on the ship's gross tonnage and horsepower, while the next two digits combine with the first digit to create a unique three-digit identifying number for the ship.

During the gradual process by which Homo erectus made a transition from furry to naked skin, their hair texture putatively changed gradually from Afro-textured hair or ' kinky ' ( i. e. tightly coiled ) to straight hair ( the condition of most mammals, including humanity's closest cousins — chimpanzees ) This argument is based on the principle that curly hair impedes the passage of UV light into the body relative to straight hair ( thus curly or coiled hair would be particularly advantageous for dark-skinned hominids living at the equator ).