Writing in 335 BCE ( long after the Golden Age of 5th-century Athenian tragedy ), Aristotle provides the earliest-surviving explanation for the origin of the dramatic art-form in his Poetics, in which he argues that tragedy developed from the improvisations of the leader of choral dithyrambs ( hymns sung and danced in praise of Dionysos, the god of wine and fertility ):

In Poetics, Aristotle gave the following definition in ancient Greek of the word " tragedy " ( τραγωδία ):

Khayyam, for example, tried to derive it from an equivalent postulate he formulated from " the principles of the Philosopher " ( Aristotle ): " Two convergent straight lines intersect and it is impossible for two convergent straight lines to diverge in the direction in which they converge.

Unlike many commentators on Euclid before and after him ( including of course Saccheri ), Khayyám was not trying to prove the parallel postulate as such but to derive it from an equivalent postulate he formulated from " the principles of the Philosopher " ( Aristotle ):

It was commonly attributed to Homer, as by Aristotle ( Poetics 13. 92 ): " His Margites indeed provides an analogy: as are the Iliad and Odyssey to our tragedies, so is the Margites to our comedies "; but the work, among a mixed genre of works loosely labelled " Homerica " in Antiquity, was more reasonably attributed to Pigres, a Greek poet of Halicarnassus, in the massive medieval Greek encyclopedia called Suda.

Aristotle mentioned the ability of the octopus to change colour for both camouflage and signalling in his Historia animalium ( ca 400 BC ):

: For example, regarding what are the most important virtues, Aristotle proposed the nine listed earlier ( just above Historical origins ): wisdom ; prudence ; justice ; fortitude ; courage ; liberality ; magnificence ; magnanimity ; temperance.

* Aristotle, Logic ( Organon ): Categories, in Great Books of the Western World, V. 1.

To Aristotle the first cause is energy or energeia ( in Greek ) or actus ( in Latin ): energy causes motion.

The examples Aristotle gives indicate that he meant a condition of rest resulting from an affection ( i. e. being acted on ): ‘ shod ’, ‘ armed ’.

Forster ( Loeb Classical Library, Aristotle Parts of Animals, Movement of Animals, Progression of Animals, 1937 ): archive. org

This is evidenced by the fact that the introduction to the Topics contains and relies upon his definition of reasoning (, syllogismós ): a verbal expression (, lógos ) in which, certain things having been laid down, other things necessarily follow from these .. Dialectical reasoning is thereafter divided by Aristotle into inductive and deductive parts.

Much earlier, Aristotle states the same principle in the Nichomachean Ethics ( Book 2 ):

** Dragon Ball Z (" Transformed at Last ," October 18, 1999 ): Goku transforms into a Super Saiyan for the first time in the United States ; aired on Toonami, a now-defunct block on Cartoon Network.

" The caption reads ( Johnson ): Take it quietly Uncle Abe and I will draw it closer than ever.

( Lincoln ): A few more stitches Andy and the good old Union will be mended.

* Jean-Pierre Changeux, Alain Connes, M. B. DeBevoise ( translator ): Conversations on Mind, Matter, and Mathematics, Princeton University Press, 1998, ISBN 978-0691004051

; Analysis of variance ( ANOVA ): A mathematical process for separating the variability of a group of observations into assignable causes and setting up various significance tests.

" American Political Science Review 101. 3 ( 2007 ): 591-604.

1. 202. 4 ): Atlantis thalassa ( Greek: Ἀτλαντὶς θάλασσα ; English: Sea of Atlas ).

Disasters 29 ( 1 ): 1 – 25.

African Security Review 13 ( 4 ): 29 – 41.

African Affairs ( 100 ): 55 – 80.

* Pinto Escoval ( 2004 ): " Staatszerfall im südlichen Afrika.

* Hearing aid ( typically 1 mW at 1. 4 V ): 0. 7 mA

* Instrument panel light ( typically 2 W ): 166 mA.

* Headlights ( typically 60 W ): 5 A each.

* Toaster, kettle ( 2 kW ): 16. 6 A

* Immersion heater ( 4. 6 kW ): 38. 3 A

* Immersion heater ( 4. 6 kW ): 20 A

* Grzega, Joachim: “ Nonchalance als Merkmal des Österreichischen Deutsch .” In: Muttersprache 113 ( 2003 ): 242-254.

): Österreichisches Deutsch: Linguistische, sozialpsychologische und sprachpolitische Aspekte einer nationalen Variante des Deutschen.

): Das österreichische Deutsch.

The Aegean Islands are found within its waters, with the following islands delimiting the sea on the south ( generally from west to east ): Kythera, Antikythera, Crete, Kasos, Karpathos and Rhodes.

* Georgios Tornikes, ' An unpublished funeral oration on Anna Comnena ', English translation by Robert Browning, in Aristotle Transformed: The Ancient Commentators and Their Influence, ed.

), Aristotle Transformed: The Ancient Commentators and Their Influence, Duckworth, 1990.

The word `` mimesis '' ( `` imitation '' ) is usually associated with Plato and Aristotle.

Aristotle also tended to stratify all aspects of human nature and activity into levels of excellence and, like Plato, he put the pure and unimpassioned intellect on the top level.

But Aristotle kept the principle of levels and even augmented it by describing in the Poetics what kinds of character and action must be imitated if the play is to be a vehicle of serious and important human truths.

For both Plato and Aristotle artistic mimesis, in contrast to the power of dialectic, is relatively incapable of expressing the character of fundamental reality.

so, e.g. did Aristotle argue, although this may not be an observational reason in favor of circularity.

Additional philosophical considerations, advanced notably by Aristotle, supported further the circularity principle.

By distinguishing superlunary ( celestial ) and sublunary ( terrestrial ) existence, and reinforcing this with the four-element physics of Empedocles, Aristotle came to speak of the stars as perfect bodies, which moved in only a perfect way, viz. in a perfect circle.

Because motion which begins and ends at discrete places would ( e.g. for Aristotle ) be incomplete.

Plato and Aristotle agree on some vital literary issues.

While Aristotle censors literature only for the young, Plato would banish all poets from his ideal state.

Even more important, in his Poetics, Aristotle differs somewhat from Plato when he moves in the direction of treating literature as a unique thing, separate and apart from its causes and its effects.

By the time they reach that age, however, Aristotle no longer worries about the evil influence of comedies.

Throughout the rest of the Poetics, Aristotle continues to discuss the characteristics of these six parts and their interrelationship, and he refers frequently to the standards suggested by his definition of tragedy.

The Chicago contingent of modern critics follow Aristotle so far in this direction that it is hard to see how they can compare one poem with another for the purpose of evaluation.

For one thing, Aristotle mentions that plays may corrupt the audience.

In his study Samuel Johnson, Joseph Wood Krutch takes this line when he says that what Aristotle really means by his theory of catharsis is that our evil passions may be so purged by the dramatic ritual that it is `` less likely that we shall indulge them through our own acts ''.

Both sides claimed that Plato and Aristotle supported their cause.

Rembrandt's `` Aristotle Contemplating Bust of Homer '' brought $2,300,000 at auction the other night.

Both Aristotle and Homer may in spirit be contemplating `` bust '' of the old-fashioned American dollar.

Aristotle (, Aristotélēs ) ( 384 BC – 322 BC ) was a Greek philosopher and polymath, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.

Together with Plato and Socrates ( Plato's teacher ), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy.

Though Aristotle wrote many elegant treatises and dialogues ( Cicero described his literary style as " a river of gold "), it is thought that the majority of his writings are now lost and only about one-third of the original works have survived.

Aristotle, whose name means " the best purpose ," was born in Stageira, Chalcidice, in 384 BC, about east of modern-day Thessaloniki.

Aristotle was trained and educated as a member of the aristocracy.

Aristotle remained at the academy for nearly twenty years before quitting Athens in 348 / 47 BC.