Albedo (), or reflection coefficient, derived from Latin albedo " whiteness " ( or reflected sunlight ), in turn from albus " white ", is the diffuse reflectivity or reflecting power of a surface.

The earliest certain ancestor of " A " is aleph ( also called ' aleph ), the first letter of the Phoenician alphabet ( which, by consisting entirely of consonants, is an abjad rather than a true alphabet ).

Together with Plato and Socrates ( Plato's teacher ), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy.

Reference to them is made according to the organization of Immanuel Bekker's Royal Prussian Academy edition ( Aristotelis Opera edidit Academia Regia Borussica, Berlin, 1831 – 1870 ), which in turn is based on ancient classifications of these works.

An American in Paris is scored for 3 flutes ( 3rd doubling on piccolo ), 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets in B flat, bass clarinet in B flat, 2 bassoons, 4 horns in F, 3 trumpets in B flat, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, snare drum, bass drum, triangle, wood block, cymbals, low and high tom-toms, xylophone, glockenspiel, celesta, 4 taxi horns resembling the pitches A, B, C and D, alto saxophone / soprano saxophone, tenor saxophone / soprano saxophone / alto saxophone, baritone saxophone / soprano saxophone / alto saxophone, and strings.

It is also the oldest award ceremony in the media ; its equivalents, the Grammy Awards ( for music ), Emmy Awards ( for television ), and Tony Awards ( for theatre ) are modeled after the Academy.

Although there are seven other types of annual awards presented by the Academy ( the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award, the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, the Gordon E. Sawyer Award, the Scientific and Engineering Award, the Technical Achievement Award, the John A. Bonner Medal of Commendation, and the Student Academy Award ) plus two awards that are not presented annually ( the Special Achievement Award in the form of an Oscar statuette and the Honorary Award that may or may not be in the form of an Oscar statuette ), the best known one is the Academy Award of Merit more popularly known as the Oscar statuette.

It is the basis for Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC ), which is used for civil timekeeping all over the Earth's surface, and for Terrestrial Time, which is used for astronomical calculations.

The latter is not to be confused with TA ( NPL ), which denotes an independent atomic time scale, not synchronised to TAI or to anything else.

This time scale is expressed in the form of tables of differences UTC-UTC ( k ) ( equivalent to TAI-TAI ( k )) for each participating institution k. ( The same circular also gives tables of TAI-TA ( k ), for the various unsynchronised atomic time scales.

Altruism is a motivation to provide something of value to a party who must be anyone but oneself, while duty focuses on a moral obligation towards a specific individual ( e. g., a god, a king ), or collective ( e. g., a government ).

Next were films such as The Winds of the Aures ( 1965 ) of Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina, Patrol To The East ( 1972 ) of Amar Laskri, Prohibited Area of Ahmed Lallem, ( 1972 ), The Opium and the stick of Ahmed Rachedi, or The Battle of Algiers ( 1966 ) which is an Algerian-Italian film selected three times at the Oscars.

The term " anthropology " is from the Greek anthrōpos (), " man ", understood to mean humankind or humanity, and-logia (- λογία ), " discourse " or " study.

Because anthropology developed from so many different enterprises ( see History of Anthropology ), including but not limited to fossil-hunting, exploring, documentary film-making, paleontology, primatology, antiquity dealings and curatorship, philology, etymology, genetics, regional analysis, ethnology, history, philosophy, and religious studies, it is difficult to characterize the entire field in a brief article, although attempts to write histories of the entire field have been made.

The single largest organization of Anthropologists is the American Anthropological Association ( AAA ), which was founded in 1903.

He was worshipped as Acraephius ( ; Ἀκραιφιος, Akraiphios, literally " Acraephian ") or Acraephiaeus ( ; Ἀκραιφιαίος, Akraiphiaios, literally " Acraephian ") in the Boeotian town of Acraephia ( Ἀκραιφία ), reputedly founded by his son Acraepheus ; and as Smintheus ( ; Σμινθεύς, Smintheus, " Sminthian "— that is, " of the town of Sminthos or Sminthe ") near the Troad town of Hamaxitus.

The function of Apollo as a " healer " is connected with Paean ( Παιών-Παιήων ), the physician of the Gods in the Iliad, who seems to come from a more primitive religion.

The connection with Dorians and their initiation festival apellai is reinforced by the month Apellaios in northwest Greek calendars, but it can explain only the Doric type of the name, which is connected with the Ancient Macedonian word " pella " ( Pella ), stone.

A female dragon named Delphyne ( δελφύς: womb ), who is obviously connected with Delphi and Apollo Delphinios, and a male serpent Typhon ( τύφειν: smoke ), the adversary of Zeus in the Titanomachy, who the narrators confused with Python.

The three petals ( or inner tepals ), also showy, are located alternately between the sepals, two at the side and one usually at the bottom of the flower.

A number of ancient cities were located here, such as Troy, Assos, Pergamon ( Bergama ), Sardis, Ephesus, Miletus, Halicarnassus ( Bodrum ), Smyrna ( İzmir ), Hierapolis ( Pamukkale ), Magnesia ( Manisa ), Philadelphia ( Alaşehir ), Didyma ( Didim ), Aphrodisias, Kaunos, Knidos, among others.

His parents were working-class Rusyn emigrants from Mikó ( now called Miková ), located in today ’ s northeastern Slovakia, part of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire.

Most of the population lives in the western and northwestern parts of the country, where the two major cities, Yerevan and Gyumri ( which was called Aleksandropol ' during the tsarist period ), are located.

* American Samoa ( IOC country code ), an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the sovereign state of Samoa ( formerly known as Western Samoa )

Casa Batlló () is a building restored by Antoni Gaudí and Josep Maria Jujol, built in 1877 and remodelled in the years 1904 – 1906 ; located at 43, Passeig de Gràcia ( passeig is Catalan for promenade or avenue ), part of the Illa de la Discòrdia ( the " Block of Discord ") in the Eixample district of Barcelona, Spain.

In July 2006, the tomb of the king ( which is located in the Santa Cruz Monastery in Coimbra ) was to be opened for scientific purposes by researchers from the University of Coimbra ( Portugal ), and the University of Granada ( Spain ).

Ammon (; ), also referred to as the Ammonites and children of Ammon, was an ancient nation described in the Old Testament to be located east of the Jordan River, Gilead, and the Dead Sea, in present-day Jordan .< ref >

Other disorders are also due to recessive alleles, but because the gene locus is located on the X chromosome, so that males have only one copy ( that is, they are hemizygous ), they are more frequent in males than in females.

His large house ( purchased in 1509 from the heirs of the astronomer Bernhard Walther ), where his workshop was located and where his widow lived until her death in 1539, remains a prominent Nuremberg landmark.

Ajmer has a population of around 551, 360 in its urban agglomeration and 542, 580 for the city ( 2011 census ), and is located west of Jaipur, the state capital, 274 km from Udaipur, 439 km from Jaisalmer, and 391 km from Delhi.

From a geostructural perspective the Azores is located above an active triple junction between three of the world's large tectonic plates ( the North American Plate, the Eurasian Plate and the African Plate ), a condition that has translated into the existence of many faults and fractures in this region of the Atlantic.

The municipality is composed of 14 parishes ( freguesias ), and is located in Aveiro District and the chief city of Baixo Vouga.

* Bach ( crater ), located on the planet Mercury

The Virgin Islands, often called the British Virgin Islands ( BVI ), is a British overseas territory located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico.

* Bay Radio ( Malta ), a radio station located in Malta

* Bay Station ( OC Transpo ), a bus stop in Ottawa's Central Transitway located downtown

Eli, the priest of Shiloh ( where the ark of the covenant is located ), blesses her, and a child named Samuel is born.

Chapter and cathedral, surrounded by further ecclesiastical institutions, were located on Dominsel ( cathedral island ), which formed a prince-episcopal immunity district, distinct from the city of Brandenburg.

The observations show that the cloud is asymmetrical and matches the pattern of X-ray binaries ( binary star systems containing black holes or neutron stars ), mostly on one side of the galactic center.

Anbar was adjacent or identical to the Babylonian Jewish center of Nehardea ( Hebrew: ), and lies a short distance from the present-day town of Fallujah, formerly the Babylonian Jewish center of Pumbeditha ( Hebrew: ).

The 13th-century Moroccan biographer Ibn al-Zayyat al-Tadili and Qadi Ayyad before him in the 12th-century, note that Waggag's learning center was called Dar al-Murabitin ( The house of the Almoravids ), and that might have inspired Ibn Yasin's choice of name for the movement.

* Any ring A is an algebra over its center Z ( A ), or over any subring of its center.

Abd al-Rahman and a small selection of his family fled Damascus, where the center of Umayyad power had been ; people moving with him include his brother Yahiya, his four-year old son Sulayman, and some of his sisters, as well as his former Greek slave ( a freedman ), Bedr.

This ray, named by Abbe a principal ray ( not to be confused with the principal rays of the Gaussian theory ), passes through the center of the entrance pupil before the first refraction, and the center of the exit pupil after the last refraction.

President Bill Clinton ( center ), first lady Hillary Rodham Clinton ( right ) and their daughter Chelsea Clinton ( left ) wave to watchers at a parade down Pennsylvania Avenue on Inauguration Day, January 20, 1997.

Each position conventionally has an associated number, which is used to score putouts: 1 ( pitcher ), 2 ( catcher ), 3 ( first baseman ), 4 ( second baseman ), 5 ( third baseman ), 6 ( shortstop ), 7 ( left fielder ), 8 ( center fielder ), and 9 ( right fielder ).

Again according to convention he posted his most experienced legions on the flanks ( the first and the third legion on his left with Pompey himself commanding, the Syrian legions in the center with Scipio, the Cilician legion and the Spanish cohorts on the right with Afranius ), dispersing his new recruits along the center.

There was chronic congestion on the Central Artery ( I-93 ), an elevated six-lane highway through the center of downtown Boston, which was, in the words of Pete Sigmund, " like a funnel full of slowly-moving, or stopped, cars ( and swearing motorists ).

** Vector State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology ( VECTOR ), a weaponized smallpox center

** Sverdlovsk bioweapons production facility ( Military Compound 19 ), Sverdlovsk, a weaponized anthrax center

Nineveh was a city of vast extent, and was then the center of the civilization and commerce of the world, a " bloody city all full of lies and robbery " ( Nahum 3: 1 ), for it had robbed and plundered all the neighboring nations.

During the Viking Age, Birka ( Birca in medieval sources ), on the island of Björkö ( literally: " Birch Island ") in Sweden, was an important trading center which handled goods from Scandinavia as well as Central and Eastern Europe and the Orient.