** Near-close near-front rounded vowel

** Near-close near-front unrounded vowel

** Near-open front unrounded vowel, the vowel sound represented by the æ symbol

** the former yat alternates between " ya " and " e ": it is pronounced " ya " if it is under stress and the next syllable does not contain a front vowel ( e or i ) – e. g. мляко ( mlyàko ), хляб ( hlyab ), and " e " otherwise – e. g. млекар ( mlekàr ) – milkman, хлебар ( hlebàr ) – baker.

** ( ــ ْ ـ ) ( no vowel )

** At the last letter of a word, the vowel point reflects the inflection case or conjugation mood.

** In analytic phonics, students often learn phonograms, the rime parts of words including the vowel and what follows it.

** Some masculine singular nouns, e. g. syn → synu, dom → domu, bok → boku, brzuch → brzuchu, worek → worku *, nastrój → nastroju *, deszcz → deszczu, miś → misiu, koń → koniu, Poznań → Poznaniu, Wrocław → Wrocławiu, Bytom → Bytomiu ** In a few cases, a vowel change may occur, e. g. ó → o, or a vowel may be dropped.

** Intervocalic alveolar flapping, a process by which a or a before an unstressed vowel is flapped.

** Vowel harmony: the final syllable of a disyllabic word adopts a preceding open ⟨ e ⟩ or ⟨ o ⟩ if the final vowel is an unstressed -⟨ a ⟩ or -⟨ e ⟩; e. g. terra (' earth, land '), dona (' woman ').

** In some Valencian subvarieties, unstressed, and merge with before labial consonants ( e. g. obert ' open '), before a stressed syllable with a high vowel ( e. g. conill ' rabbit '), in contact with palatal consonants ( e. g. Josep ' Joseph ') and in monosyllabic clitics ; unstressed,, and merge with before nasals and sibilants ( e. g. enclusa ' anvil ', eixam ' swarm '), and in some exceptional cases when preceding any consonant ( e. g. clevill ' crevice ').

** Many Valencian subdialects, especially Southern Valencian, feature some sort of vowel harmony ( harmonia vocàlica ).

** Change of consonant clusters to geminate and then to single consonants ( with compensatory vowel length )

** The vowel at the end of the word must be written.

** The vowel is central in Ibizan ( as most Catalan dialects ), while it is front ( also represented as ) in Majorcan and Minorcan.

** Or represents ( mid central vowel ) or ( close-mid back rounded vowel ).

** Early Mandarin velar obstruents ( g, k, h ) and alveolar sibilants ( z, c, s ) become palatal obstruents ( j, q, x ) when a front vowel or glide followed.

** A yer which is followed in the next syllable by a non-reduced vowel is limp.

** Across North Africa and West Asia, the open vowel may have different contrasting values, being (, ), (, ) or without any contrast at all: almost centralized.

** In North west Africa, the ( near -) open front vowel is raised to or.

** Words like orange, horrible, Florida and forest are pronounced and with the same stressed vowel as part, not with the same vowel as port as in much of the rest of the United States.

# REDIRECT Near-close near-back vowel

* Near-close near-back rounded vowel

# REDIRECT Near-close near-back vowel

# redirect Near-close near-back vowel

* Near-close near-front rounded vowel

* Near-close near-front unrounded vowel

* Near-close vowel

* Near-close vowel

# REDIRECT Near-close near-front unrounded vowel

# REDIRECT Near-close near-front rounded vowel

* near-close near-back rounded vowel

A near-back vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages.

The defining characteristic of a near-back vowel is that the tongue is positioned as in a back vowel, but slightly further forward in the mouth.

The near-back vowel identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet is:

* near-close near-back rounded vowel

Most dialects of modern English have two high back vowels: the close back rounded vowel found in words like goose, and the near-close near-back rounded vowel found in words like foot.

Its lowercase is used in the International Phonetic Alphabet to transcribe a near-close near-back vowel.

Such words are pronounced with a diphthong, / nəʊt /, / bəʊt /… in British English, and / noʊt /, / boʊt /… in American English (/ ə /-mid central vowel, / o /-close-mid back rounded vowel, / ʊ /-near-close near-back rounded vowel ).

In BrE and AmE, “ book ” will be pronounced / bʊk / (/ ʊ /-near-close near-back vowel ) and boot / buːt / (/ u /-close back rounded vowel ).