In the later period of the Elder Futhark, during the 5th to 6th centuries, connected variants appear, and these are the ones that give rise to the derivations in Anglo-Saxon ( as ᛄ ger and ᛡ ior ) and Scadinavian ( as ᛅ ár ) traditions.

The Bluetooth logo is a bind rune merging the Younger Futhark runes 8px ( Hagall ) ( ᚼ ) and 8px ( Bjarkan ) ( ᛒ ), Harald's initials.

* Fe ( rune ), the f-rune of the Younger Futhark

* ᛦ ( transliterated Ʀ ), a rune of the Younger Futhark, see Yr ( Younger Futhark )

The Fe rune < big ></ big > ( Old Norse fé ; Old English feoh ) represents the f-sound in the Younger Futhark and Futhorc alphabets.

The k-rune ( Younger Futhark, Anglo-Saxon futhorc ) is called Kaun in both the Norwegian and Icelandic rune poems, meaning " ulcer ".

The shape of the Younger Futhark kaun rune () is identical to that of the " bookhand " s rune in the Anglo-Saxon futhorc.

This sound was written in the Younger Futhark using the Yr rune, the Algiz rune turned upside down, from about the 7th century.

The difficulty lies in the circumstance that the Younger Futhark rune did not inherit this name at all, but acquired the name of the obsolete Eihwaz rune, as yr.

From the 5th century or so, the rune appears optionally in its upside-down variant which would become the standard Younger Futhark yr shape.

The Yr rune is a rune of the Younger Futhark.

The shape of the Yr rune in the Younger Futhark is the inverted shape of the Elder Futhark rune,.

Note that the unrelated Anglo-Saxon calc rune ᛣ has exactly the same shape as Younger Futhark yr.

Independently, the shape of the Elder Futhark Algiz rune reappears in the Younger Futhark Maðr rune, continuing the Elder Futhark rune * Mannaz.

Both List and Wiligut have an " Yr " rune of the same shape as the Younger Futhark Yr rune.

In the Younger Futhark, there is the terminal ' rune

* Isaz, the " I " rune in the Futhark

The Elder Futhark rune ᚦ, called Thurs ( from Proto-Germanic * Þurisaz ), later evolved into the letter Þ.

Proto-Germanic * Ingwaz was one of the three sons of Mannus and the legendary ancestor of the Ingaevones and is also the reconstructed name of the Elder Futhark ŋ rune.

The Elder Futhark Odal rune () represents the o sound.

The Western letter ( expressing / kʰ /, and later / x /) was adopted into the Old Italic alphabets, and its shape is also continued into the Algiz rune of the Elder Futhark.

The formation of the Elder Futhark was complete by the early fifth century, with the Kylver Stone being the first evidence of the futhark ordering as well as of the p rune.

There was no Elder Futhark rune for the phoneme, so that unlike those of most Gothic letters, the name does not continue the name of a rune ( but see qairþra ).

is the rune denoting the sound p in the Elder Futhark runic alphabet, in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem named peorð.

The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the Elder Futhark u rune is * Ūruz meaning " wild ox " or * Ûram " water ".

Because of this, it is difficult to reconstruct a Proto-Germanic name for the Elder Futhark rune.

The Elder Futhark ( named after the initial phoneme of the first six rune names: F, U, Th, A, R and K ) consist of twenty-four runes, often arranged in three groups of eight runes called an ætt.

The rune derives from the unattested but reconstructed Proto-Germanic * fehu in the Elder Futhark alphabet, with the original meaning of " money, cattle, wealth ".

Such correspondence between all rune poems and the Gothic letter name, as well, is uncommon, and gives the reconstructed name of the Old Futhark a high degree of certainty.

Because this specific phoneme was lost at an early time, the Elder Futhark rune underwent changes in the medieval runic alphabets.

There are a few coincidental identities between cirth and runic letters, i with runic ᛁ, k with Younger Futhark ᚴ and ch with the Futhorc ᚳ ; p is furthermore reminiscent of Latin P ( runic ᚹ w ).

Unlike Proto-Norse, which was written with the Elder Futhark alphabet, Old Norse was written with the Younger Futhark alphabet, which only had 16 letters.

The Younger Futhark inscription on the stone bears a commonly seen memorial dedication, but is followed by an encoded runic sequence that has been described as " mysterious ," and " an interesting magic formula which is known from all over the ancient Norse world.

A lead spindle whorl bearing an Old Norse Younger Futhark inscription that mentions Heimdallr was discovered in Saltfleetby, England on September 1, 2010.

The a-rune, Younger Futhark was probably named after the Æsir.

It is not continued in the Younger Futhark, but in the Gothic alphabet, the letter w is called winja, allowing a Proto-Germanic reconstruction of the rune's name as * wunjô " joy ".

On older runic calendars, a different notation for representing the Golden Numbers was used ; the 16 runes of Younger Futhark represented the numbers from 1 to 16 and three ad hoc runes were used for the numbers 17 to 19.

Even the Younger Futhark are introduced as a kind of " Viking ogham " ( nrs.

The three best-known runic alphabets are the Elder Futhark ( around 150 – 800 ), the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ( 400 – 1100 ), and the Younger Futhark ( 800 – 1100 ).

The Younger Futhark is divided further into the long-branch runes ( also called Danish, although they also were used in Norway and Sweden ), short-branch or Rök runes ( also called Swedish-Norwegian, although they also were used in Denmark ), and the stavesyle or Hälsinge runes ( staveless runes ).

The Younger Futhark developed further into the Marcomannic runes, the Medieval runes ( 1100 – 1500 ), and the Dalecarlian runes ( around 1500 – 1800 ).

An inscription using cipher runes, the Elder Futhark, and the Younger Futhark, on the ninth-century Rök Runestone in Sweden

A Younger Futhark inscription on the twelfth-century Vaksala Runestone in Sweden

Having as many as 200 runes, it is the longest known inscription in the Elder Futhark, but certain runes are transitional towards the Younger Futhark.