Shumyatsky ’ s decree “ Movies for the Millions ” demanded conventional plots, characters, and montage to successfully portray Socialist Realism ( the glorification of industry and the working class ) on film.

It is in fact jarring to find the champion of American prose Realism, William Dean Howells, introducing Pastels in Prose ( 1890 ), a volume of French prose-poems translated by Stuart Merrill and containing a Paul Margueritte pantomime, The Death of Pierrot, with words of warm praise ( and even congratulations to each poet for failing “ to saddle his reader with a moral ”).

“ Modernity Sings: Rethinking Realism in Italian Opera .” Diss., University of California, Berkeley.

* “ Sellars ’ s Transcendental Empiricism ”, in Julian Nida-Rümelin, ed., Rationality, Realism, Revision ( Proceedings of the 3rd international congress of the Society for Analytical Philosophy ), Walter de Gruyter, Berlin and New York, 1999, pp. 42 – 51.

Social Realism was critical of the social environment that caused the conditions pictured, and denounced the “ evil ” Tsarist period.

The Unions Newspaper, the Literaturnaya Gazeta, described Social Realism as “ the representation of the proletarian revolution ”.

The First Series of Gifford Lectures made the case against three historical conceptions of being, called “ realism ,” “ mysticism ,” and “ critical rationalism ,” by Royce, and defended a “ Fourth Conception of Being .” Realism, according to Royce, held that to be is to be independent, which mysticism and critical rationalism advanced other criteria, that to be way to, immediacy in the case of mysticism and objective validity in critical rationalism.

' Magic Realism ' for Roh, as a reaction to expressionism, meant to declare “ the autonomy of the objective world around us was once more to be enjoyed ; the wonder of matter that could crystallize into objects was to be seen anew .” With the term, he was emphasizing the “ magic ” of the normal world as it presents itself to us — how, when we really look at everyday objects, they can appear strange and fantastic.

* Taliaferro, Jeffrey W. “ Security Seeking under Anarchy: Defensive Realism Revisited ,” International Security, 25: 3 ( 2000 ): 128-161.

* Waltz, Kenneth N. “ Realism and International Politics ” ( New York: Routledge, 2008 ), 137 ;

Further, a core teaching of Aesthetic Realism is that it is “ every person's deepest desire to like the world on an honest or accurate basis .”

Eli Siegel stated that ideas central to the philosophy of Aesthetic Realism were implicitly present in “ Hot Afternoons Have Been in Montana ,” the poem that brought him widespread fame when it was awarded The Nations esteemed poetry prize in 1925.

The search for that which connects all branches of knowledge led Siegel to discover a key concept of Aesthetic Realism: “ The world, art, and self explain each other: each is the aesthetic oneness of opposites .” Aesthetic Realism classes were scholarly and demonstrated that poetry was related to the problems of everyday life.

The viewpoint of Aesthetic Realism is that “ what makes a good poem is like what can make a good life .” contradicts the Freudian view of art as sublimation.

Siegel defined poetry as “ the oneness of the permanent opposites in reality as seen by an individual .” In Aesthetic Realism classes he explained that the greatest desire of a person is to put together opposites, as, in a good poem, “ emotion changes into logic: there is no rift between the two .” He maintained that music distinguishes true poetry, whatever the language, period or style ; the music of a poem shows the poet has honestly perceived opposites as one, and sincerely united personal feelings with the impersonal structure of the world.

“ Poetry ,” he wrote, “ arises out of a like of the world so intense and wide that of itself, it is musical .” Therefore, Aesthetic Realism teaches, even a poem that in substance seems to condemn the world, in its technique and music is praising the world, seeing it truly.

To be truly human, one had to be an active citizen to the community, which Aristotle famously expressed: “ To take no part in the running of the community's affairs is to be either a beast or a god !” This form of citizenship was based on obligations of citizens towards the community, rather than rights given to the citizens of the community.

For Aristotle these physical elements were the centre of the universe and appropriately Cleopatra heralds her coming death when she proclaims, “ I am fire and air ; my other elements / I give to baser life ,” ( 5. 2. 289-90 ).

Scientific racism began to flourish in the eighteenth century and was greatly influenced by Charles Darwin ’ s evolutionary studies, as well as ideas taken from the writings of philosophers like Aristotle ; for example, Aristotle believed in the concept of “ natural slaves ”.

In his Rhetoric, Aristotle explored how “ young men, old men, men in their prime, well-born men, rich men, men of power, men of good fortune ” varied emotionally.

Although Aristotle ’ s work closely resembles what came to be known as the Character, Ethics and Rhetoric contained “ disquisitions ,” not Characters.

This technique is meant to be especially useful in distinguishing poetry from prose, for, as Aristotle said, “ poetic language must appear strange and wonderful ” ( Shklovsky 19 ).

Aristotle says that the eudaimon life is one of “ virtuous activity in accordance with reason ”.

), was a disciple of Aristotle and a philosopher of natural history, considered by historians as the “ Father of Botany .” He wrote a treatise entitled, Historia Plantarium, about 300 B. C. E.

* “ The Role of Eudaimonia in Aristotle ’ s Ethics ”, Proceedings of the African Classical Associations xv ( 1980 ), 1-14 ; reprinted in Amélie Oksenberg Rorty, ed., Essays on Aristotle ’ s Ethics ( University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 1980 ), pp. 359 – 76

* “ Deliberation and Moral Development in Aristotle ”, in Stephen Engstrom and Jennifer Whiting, eds., Aristotle, Kant and the Stoics ( Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996 ), pp. 19 – 35

* “ Some Issues in Aristotle ’ s Moral Psychology ”, in Stephen Everson, ed., Companions to Ancient Thought: 4: Ethics ( Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1998 ), pp. 107 – 28

In his first philosophy, later called the Metaphysics, ( or “ after the Physics ”), Aristotle discusses the meaning of being as being.

Aristotle suggests that a hero of a tragedy must evoke in the audience a sense of pity or fear, saying, “ the change of fortune presented must not be the spectacle of a virtuous man brought from prosperity to adversity.

This is why Aristotle points out the simple fact that, “ The change of fortune should be not from bad to good, but, reversely, from good to bad .” Aristotle also establishes that the hero has to be “ virtuous ” that is to say he has to be " a morally blameless man ” ( article 82 ).

Aristotle contests that the tragic hero has to be a man “ who is not eminently good and just, yet whose misfortune is brought about not by vice or depravity, but by some error or frailty .” He is not making the hero entirely good in which he can do no wrong but rather has the hero committing an injury or a great wrong leading to his misfortune.

Aristotle adds another qualification to that of being virtuous but not entirely good when he says, “ He must be one who is highly renowned and prosperous .” He goes on to give examples such as Oedipus and Thyestes .”

“ In the words of Aristotle: ‘ catastrophe is an action bringing ruin and pain on stage, where corpses are seen and wounds and other similar sufferings are performed ,’”.

For Euclid ’ s method to succeed, the starting lengths must satisfy two requirements: ( i ) the lengths must not be 0, AND ( ii ) the subtraction must be “ proper ”, a test must guarantee that the smaller of the two numbers is subtracted from the larger ( alternately, the two can be equal so their subtraction yields 0 ).

Punch had a poem containing the words “ When Ivo comes back with the urn ” and when Ivo Bligh wiped out the defeat Lady Clarke, wife of Sir W. J. Clarke, who entertained the English so lavishly, found a little wooden urn, burnt a bail, put the ashes in the urn, and wrapping it in a red velvet bag, put it into her husband ’ s ( Ivo Bligh ’ s ) hands.

When more electrons are added to a single atom, the additional electrons tend to more evenly fill in a volume of space around the nucleus so that the resulting collection ( sometimes termed the atom ’ s “ electron cloud ” ) tends toward a generally spherical zone of probability describing where the atom ’ s electrons will be found.

Rousseau believed that young boys should avoid formal schooling and pursue instead an “ education direct from nature .” Ampère ’ s father actualized this ideal by allowing his son to educate himself within the walls of his well-stocked library.

* According to a note of Isaac de Beausobre ’ s, Jean Hardouin accepted the first three of these, taking the four others for the initials of the Greek anthrōpoussōzōn hagiōi xylōi, “ saving mankind by the holy cross .”

At this spot, there were local altars inscribed as a dedication to Agrippina: “ IN HONOR OF AGRIPPINA ’ S PUERPERIUM ”.

Agathocles was cited as from the lowest, most abject condition of life and as an example of “ those who by their crimes come to be princes ” in Chapter VIII of Niccolò Machiavelli ’ s treatise on politics, The Prince ( 1513 ).

In Ireland, Shane Butler said that AA “ looks like it couldn ’ t survive as there ’ s no leadership or top-level telling local cumanns what to do, but it has worked and proved itself extremely robust .” Butler attributed this to " AA ’ s ' inverted pyramid ' style of governance has helped it to avoid many of the pitfalls that political and religious institutions have encountered since it was established here in 1946.

“ Acts, then is a continuation of the Lucan Gospel, not in the sense that it relates what Jesus continued to do, but how his followers carried out his commission under the guidance of his Spirit .” Thus, part of the answer to the purpose of Acts is that Luke is writing to Theophilus, who is also mentioned in Luke 1: 3, in order to explain to him the occurrences that take place in the church that fulfill Jesus ’ promise to his disciples that “ you will be baptized with, the Holy Spirit not many days from now ” ( Acts 1: 5 ).

In fact, Fitzmyer believes that the preface of Luke should only be “ the starting point in the discussion of the aim of Luke-Acts .” Because the author ’ s intended purpose for the Book of Acts is not that straightforward, scholars have put forth four main claims to address this.

Some believe that Luke ’ s gospel can be seen to mirror the Jewish apologetic literature of the time which served to “ defend Jews against misunderstanding and persecution .” Acts is said to be a:

Supporters of this view believe that “ to a hypothetical outside reader, presents Christianity as enlightened, harmless, even beneficent .” Some believe that through this work, Luke intended to show the Roman Empire that the root of Christianity is within Judaism so that the Christians “ may receive the same freedom to practice their faith that the Roman Empire afforded the Jews .” Those who support the view of Luke ’ s work as political apology generally draw evidence from the facts that Christians are found innocent of committing any political crime ( Acts 25: 25 ; 19: 37 ; 19: 40 ) and that Roman officials ’ views towards Christians are generally positive.

Also, supporters of this view would characterize Luke ’ s portrayal of the Roman Empire as positive because they believe Luke “ glosses over negative aspects of the empire and presents imperial power positively .” For example, when Paul is before the council defending himself, Paul says that he is “ on trial concerning the hope of the resurrection of the dead ” ( Acts 23: 6 ).

Some believe that this appeal “ thereby shows Christian ’ s of Luke ’ s day both that their predecessors were innocent before the state and that Paul had no political quarrel with Rome ” but rather with the Jews who were accusing him.

Some scholars believe that the apologetic view of Luke ’ s work is overemphasized and that it should not be regarded as a “ major aim of the Lucan writings .” While Munck believes that purpose of Luke ’ s work is not that clear-cut and sympathizes with other claims, he believes that Luke ’ s work can function as an apology only in the sense that it “ presents a defense of Christianity and Paul ” and may serve to “ clarify the position of Christianity within Jewry and within the Roman Empire .” Pervo disagrees that Luke ’ s work is an apology and even that it could possibly be addressed to Rome because he believes that “ Luke and Acts speak to insiders, believers in Jesus .” Freedman believes that Luke is writing an apology but that his goal is “ not to defend the Christian movement as such but to defend God ’ s ways in history .”