* 1281 – Mongol invasion of Japan: The Mongolian fleet of Kublai Khan is destroyed by a " divine wind " for the second time in the Battle of Kōan.

# David ( 20 March 1272 – June 1281 Stirling Castle ); buried in Dunfermline Abbey

On 8 November 1273, Andronikos II married Anne of Hungary ( 1260 – 1281 ), daughter of the king Stephen V of Hungary.

These biographies until those of Pope Martin IV ( 1281 – 1285 ) are extant only as revised by Petrus Guillermi in the manuscripts of the monastery of St. Gilles having been taken from the Chronicle of Martin of Opava.

Orhan I or Orhan Bey ( Ottoman:, Orhan Gazi ; 1281, Söğüt – March 1362, Bursa ) was the second bey of the nascent Ottoman Empire ( then known as the Ottoman Beylik or Emirate ) from 1326 to 1362.

Pope Martin IV, ( c. 1210 / 1220 – 28 March 1285 ), born Simon de Brion, held the papacy from 21 February 1281 until his death.

* Rumo of Ramstein ( 1277 – 1281 )

* Wilhelm of Montfort ( 1281 – 1301 )

* July 4 – Rudolph I of Bohemia ( b. 1281 )

* 1279 – A diplomatic party of the Yuan Dynasty sent by Kublai Khan to Japan is killed by Japan's regent Hōjō Tokimune, leading to a second invasion attempt by the Mongols in 1281.

* 1281 – Pope Martin IV authorizes the Ninth Crusade against the newly re-established Byzantine Empire in Constantinople ; French and Venetian expeditions set out toward Constantinople but are forced to turn back in the following year.

* 1281 – August 15 – The second Mongol invasion of Japan is foiled at the Battle of Kōan ( or Battle of Hakata Bay ) as a large typhoon — famously called a kamikaze, or divine wind — destroys much of the combined Chinese and Korean fleet and forces, numbering over 140, 000 men and 4, 000 ships.

* 1281 – The Mon kingdom of Haripunchai falls as its capital Lamphun ( in present-day Thailand ) is captured by King Mengrai's Lannathai kingdom.

* 1281 – Second Mongol invasion of Syria.

* 1281 – October 29 – Mamluk sultan Qalawun defeats an invasion of Syria by Mongol Ilkhan Abaqa Khan at the Battle of Homs.

* 1281 – Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire, becomes bey of the Sögüt tribe in central Anatolia ; in 1299 he will declare independence from the Seljuk Turks, marking the birth of the Ottoman Empire.

* 1281 – Kublai Khan orders the burning of sacred Taoist texts, resulting in the reduction in number of volumes of the Dao Zheng ( Taoist Canon ) from 4, 565 to 1, 120.

< p >— Book XII, lines 1281 – 1295, Fitzgerald trans.

# Agnes ( 18 May 1281 – 10 June 1364, Königsfelden ), married in Vienna 13 February 1296 King Andrew III of Hungary.

The first attempt of Henry IV to take the Seniorate Province at Kraków was during 1280 – 1281, as a response to the invasion which the Polish High Duke Leszek II the Black had made against Wrocław before.

* Henry V, Count of Luxembourg ( 1216 – 1281 )

1262 – after 7 February 1293 ), married 1281 in Vienna to Charles Martel of Anjou, the Papal claimant to the throne of Hungary and mother of king Charles I of Hungary, as well as of queen Clementia of France, herself the mother of the baby king John I of France.

In this environment, finance employers went on the offensive, cutting jobs and, in one instance, serving up a pay-cut of 20 % to insurance employees .< sup > 5 </ sup > Unsurprisingly, the unions ' membership went into steep decline, plunging from 1281 in 1931 to 858 in 1937 .< sup > 6 </ sup >

The Trebizond emperor formally submitted in Constantinople in 1281 AD, but frequently flouted convention by styling themselves emperor back in Trebizond thereafter.

In 1281 the ten year truce expired and was renewed by Roger.

At the same time he was appointed treasurer of the church of St. Martin in Tours by King Louis IX of France, an office he held until he was elected pope in 1281.

One such event is the saving of Japan from invasion by the Mongol fleet of Kublai Khan by the Kamikaze winds in 1281.

* A Yuan diplomatic party sent by Kublai Khan to Japan is killed by Japan's regent Hōjō Tokimune, leading to a second invasion attempt by the Mongols in 1281.

A further outbreak of civil war, between the king and the heir-apparent, was averted in 1293 by the queen-consort Isabella of Portugal, who had married Denis in 1281, and was canonized for her many virtues in the 16th century.

The founding legend of Gojoseon, which is recorded in the Samguk Yusa ( 1281 ) and other medieval Korean books, states that the country was established in 2333 BC by Dangun, said to be descended from heaven.

The nearby Baptistry, consecrated in 1281, houses the most important frescoes cycle by Giusto de ' Menabuoi.

The Duchy of Opole was split and in 1281 Bitom became a separate duchy, since 1289 under overlordship and administration by the Kingdom of Bohemia.

This church is mentioned by name for the first time in a 1281 document of Samboride Mestwin II, which also mentions Saint Nicolai church and a Saint Mary's chapel in the fortress.

Mengu-Timur was succeeded in 1281 by his brother Töde Möngke, who was a Muslim.

It was eventually rolled into S. 1281, the NASA Authorization Act of 2005, passed by Congress on December 22, 2005, subsequently signed by the President, and stating in part:

A Byzantine army of relief under Michael Tarchaneiotes arrived in March 1281: Hugh of Sully was ambushed and captured, and his army put to flight.

A Byzantine counter-offensive soon ensued, which drove the Angevins out of the interior by 1281.

In 1281 Qalawun also negotiated an alliance with Byzantine emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus to bolster resistance against Charles of Anjou, who was threatening both the Byzantine Empire and the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

A Byzantine counteroffensive soon ensued, which drove the Angevins out of the interior by 1281.

The Byzantine army which also included Turkish mercenaries arrived near Berat in March 1281.

With the threat from Ivaylo and Ivan Asen III removed, George Terter I made an alliance with King Charles I of Sicily, with Stefan Dragutin of Serbia, and with Thessaly against Michael VIII Palaiologos of the Byzantine Empire in 1281.