* Anna Sofie ( 1527 – 1591 )

1520 – 1591 ), father of Galileo and the inventor of monody, made use of the method in successfully solving musical problems, firstly, of tuning such as the relationship of pitch to string tension and mass in stringed instruments, and to volume of air in wind instruments ; and secondly to composition, by his various suggestions to composers in his Dialogo della musica antica e moderna ( Florence, 1581 ).

Born in Boston, Colony of Massachusetts, to David Yale ( 1613 – 1690 ) and Ursula Knight ( 1624 – 1698 ), Yale was the grandson of Ann Lloyd ( 1591 – 1659 ), who after the death of her first husband, Thomas Yale ( 1590 – 1619 ) in Chester, Cheshire, England, married Governor Theophilus Eaton ( 1590 – 1658 ) of New Haven Colony.

* 1535 – Pope Gregory XIV ( d. 1591 )

His third wife was Emilie of Saxony ( July 27, 1516 – March 9, 1591 ), daughter of Henry IV, Duke of Saxony and Catherine of Mecklenburg on August 25, 1533:

* Barbara of Brandenburg-Ansbach ( June 17, 1536 – June 1591 in Kloster Himmelkron )

* 1542 – John of the Cross, Spanish mystic and poet ( d. 1591 )

* 1591 – Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general ( d. 1646 )

* 1591 – Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Crete-Italian physician, mathematician, and theorist ( d. 1655 )

* 1591 – King Naresuan of Siam kills Crown Prince Minchit Sra of Burma in single combat, for which this date is now observed marked as Royal Thai Armed Forces day.

Count Johann von Werth ( 1591 – September 12, 1652 ), also Jan von Werth or in French Jean de Werth, was a German general of cavalry in the Thirty Years ' War.

# George Albert ( 1591 – 1615 )

Mustafa I Deli ( 1591 – January 20, 1639 ) (), son of Mehmed III, was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1617 to 1618 and from 1622 to 1623.

* 1660 – Alexandre de Rhodes, French Jesuit missionary ( b. 1591 )

* 1591 – Settimia Caccini, Italian composer and singer ( d. 1638 )

* 1582 – Dmitry Ivanovich, Russian Tsarevich ( d. 1591 )

Pope Gregory XIV ( 11 February 1535 – 16 October 1591 ), born Niccolò Sfondrati, was Pope from 5 December 1590 until his death in 1591.

Pope Innocent IX ( 20 July 1519 – 30 December 1591 ), born Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, was Pope from 29 October 1591 to his death on 30 December of the same year.

After the death of Pope Innocent IX ( 1591 ), another stormy conclave ensued, where a determined minority of Italian Cardinals were unwilling to be dictated to by Philip II of Spain.

" In his bull of 21 March 1591, Cogit nos, he forbade under pain of excommunication all betting concerning the election of a Pope, the duration of a pontificate, or the creation of new cardinals.

Instigated by the king of Spain and the duke of Mayenne, he excommunicated Henry IV of France on 1 March 1591, reiterating the 1585 declaration of Pope Sixtus V that as a heretic ( Protestent ) Henry of Navarre was ineligible to succeed to the throne of Catholic France and deprived of his dominions.

Also in 1591, Gregory XIV modified the Apostolic Constitution Effraenatam of Pope Sixtus V ( 1588 ) so that the penalty for abortion did not apply until the foetus became animated.

Prior to his short papacy, he had been a Canon Lawyer, diplomat, and chief administrator during the reign of Pope Gregory XIV ( 1590 – 1591 ).

* February 11 – Pope Gregory XIV ( d. 1591 )

* July 20 – Pope Innocent IX ( d. 1591 )

In 1591, his remains were again moved to the church of Santa Susanna at the request of Camilla Peretti, the sister of Pope Sixtus V. His feast is celebrated on 26 May.

Pope Gregory XV raised the Congregation to the status of an Order, equivalent with the mendicant Orders, in 1591.

In 1589 Pope Sixtus V dissolved the civilian government, but Pope Gregory XIV in 1591 ordered the reunification of the two powers ( papal and civilian ), thus sealing the definitive end of the free municipality.

# Pope Innocent IX ( 1591 )

He assisted in drawing up rules for the new congregation, which was approved by Pope Sixtus V, July 1, 1588, and confirmed by Pope Gregory XIV on February 18, 1591, and reconfirmed by Pope Clement VIII on June 1, 1592.

He was supported in this effort by a long series of short-term popes ( some very short-term ), such as Innocent IX ( 1591 ), Gregory XIV ( 1590 – 1591 ), etc., who basically followed his strategy.

* September 3 – William Lenthall, English politician ( b. 1591 )

* May 16 – Andrzej Bobola, Polish Jesuit missionary ( b. 1591 )

* September 14 – Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general ( b. 1591 )

* August 11 – Frederick Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( b. 1591 )

* August 7 – Friedrich von Spee, German writer ( b. 1591 )

* August 20 – Anne Hutchinson, English Puritan preacher ( b. 1591 )

* April 6 – David Blondel, French Protestant clergyman ( b. 1591 )

* October 16 – Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Italian physician, mathematician, and music theorist ( b. 1591 )

* August 15 – Johann Adam Schall von Bell, German Jesuit missionary ( b. 1591 )

* December 9 – Giovanni Francesco Barbieri ( Guercino ), Italian painter ( b. 1591 )

** Alexandre de Rhodes, French Jesuit missionary ( b. 1591 )

* October – Robert Herrick, English poet ( b. 1591 )

* Prince Shahzadeh Soltan Hasan Mirza ( b. September 1588, Mazandaran-d. 18 August 1591, Qazvin )

* Prince Shahzadeh Soltan Hosein Mirza ( b. 26 February 1591, Qazvin-d. before 1605 )

* Prince Shahzadeh Soltan Mohammad Mirza ( b. 18 March 1591, Qazvin-k. August 1632, Alamut, Qazvin ) Blinded on the orders of his father, 1621.

William Oldys b. 1591 who was murdered in Adderbury, Oxford by Parliamentarian soldiers.

( b. 1591, Cento, d. 1666, Bologna )