* Anna Sofie ( 1527 – 1591 )

* 1591 – Pope Innocent IX ( b. 1519 )

1520 – 1591 ), father of Galileo and the inventor of monody, made use of the method in successfully solving musical problems, firstly, of tuning such as the relationship of pitch to string tension and mass in stringed instruments, and to volume of air in wind instruments ; and secondly to composition, by his various suggestions to composers in his Dialogo della musica antica e moderna ( Florence, 1581 ).

Born in Boston, Colony of Massachusetts, to David Yale ( 1613 – 1690 ) and Ursula Knight ( 1624 – 1698 ), Yale was the grandson of Ann Lloyd ( 1591 – 1659 ), who after the death of her first husband, Thomas Yale ( 1590 – 1619 ) in Chester, Cheshire, England, married Governor Theophilus Eaton ( 1590 – 1658 ) of New Haven Colony.

* 1535 – Pope Gregory XIV ( d. 1591 )

His third wife was Emilie of Saxony ( July 27, 1516 – March 9, 1591 ), daughter of Henry IV, Duke of Saxony and Catherine of Mecklenburg on August 25, 1533:

* Barbara of Brandenburg-Ansbach ( June 17, 1536 – June 1591 in Kloster Himmelkron )

* 1542 – John of the Cross, Spanish mystic and poet ( d. 1591 )

* 1591 – Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Crete-Italian physician, mathematician, and theorist ( d. 1655 )

* 1591 – King Naresuan of Siam kills Crown Prince Minchit Sra of Burma in single combat, for which this date is now observed marked as Royal Thai Armed Forces day.

Count Johann von Werth ( 1591 – September 12, 1652 ), also Jan von Werth or in French Jean de Werth, was a German general of cavalry in the Thirty Years ' War.

# George Albert ( 1591 – 1615 )

Mustafa I Deli ( 1591 – January 20, 1639 ) (), son of Mehmed III, was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1617 to 1618 and from 1622 to 1623.

* 1660 – Alexandre de Rhodes, French Jesuit missionary ( b. 1591 )

* 1591 – Settimia Caccini, Italian composer and singer ( d. 1638 )

* 1582 – Dmitry Ivanovich, Russian Tsarevich ( d. 1591 )

Pope Gregory XIV ( 11 February 1535 – 16 October 1591 ), born Niccolò Sfondrati, was Pope from 5 December 1590 until his death in 1591.

Pope Innocent IX ( 20 July 1519 – 30 December 1591 ), born Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, was Pope from 29 October 1591 to his death on 30 December of the same year.

* Robert Herrick ( poet ) ( 1591 – 1674 ), English poet

* Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex of England ( 1591 – 1646 ), nobleman and military commander

* September 14 – Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general ( b. 1591 )

* October – Robert Herrick, English poet ( b. 1591 )

Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex ( 11 January 1591 – 14 September 1646 ) was an English Parliamentarian and soldier during the first half of the seventeenth century.

For example, Michael Taylor argues that there were at least thirty-nine history plays prior to 1592, including the two-part Christopher Marlowe play Tamburlaine ( 1587 ), Thomas Lodge's The Wounds of Civil War ( 1588 ), the anonymous The Troublesome Reign of King John ( 1588 ), Edmund Ironside ( 1590 – also anonymous ), Robert Green's Selimus ( 1591 ) and another anonymous play, The True Tragedy of Richard III ( 1591 ).

* Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex ( 1591 – 1646 ) ( extinct )

In 1591, playwright Robert Greene published a pamphlet titled The Second Part of Cony Catching, in which he described how three men could conspire to shoplift clothes and fabric from London merchants.

The word " bar " in this context was already in use in 1591 when Robert Greene, a dramatist, referred to one in his A Noteable Discovery of Coosnage.

Educated at the University of Oxford, Anthony Shirley gained some military experience with the English troops in the Netherlands and also during an expedition to Normandy in 1591 under Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, who was related to his wife, Frances Vernon ; about this time he was knighted by Henry of Navarre ( Henry IV of France ), an event which brought upon him the displeasure of his own sovereign and a short imprisonment.

* Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex ( 1591 – 1646 ), son of the above

** Robert Dowland, lutenist and composer ( born c. 1591 )

* Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, 4th Viscount Hereford ( 1591 – 1646 )

This Vale Royal branch of the Cholmondeley family descends from Thomas Cholmondeley ( died 1653 ), younger brother of Robert Cholmondeley, 1st Earl of Leinster and Hugh Cholmondeley ( 1591 – 1665 ), ancestor of the Marquesses of Cholmondeley.

Probable likeness of Robert Dudley, c. 1591

Early post-reformation writings, including Zacharius Ursinus ( 1534 – 1583 ) in Commentary on the Heidelberg Catechism ( published posthumously, 1591 ), Caspar Olevianus ( 1536 – 1587 ) in Concerning the Substance of the Covenant of Grace between God and the Elect ( De substantia foederis gratuiti inter deum et electos, 1585 ), and Scottish Theologian Robert Rollock ( 1555 – 1599 ) in A Treatise of our Effectual Calling ( Tractatus de vocatione efficaci, 1597 ), developed the covenant of works and covenant of grace scheme along the lines of the law-gospel distinction.

She was the sister of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex and is traditionally thought to be the inspiration for " Stella " of Sir Philip Sidney's Astrophel and Stella sonnet sequence ( published posthumously in 1591 ).

The adjacent almshouses which occupy the central part of Livery Dole were founded in March 1591 by Sir Robert Denys ( 1525 – 1592 ) of Holcombe Burnell and Bicton and were completed, as he requested in his will, by his son Sir Thomas Denys ( 1559 – 1613 ) in 1594.

Hilliard apprenticed himself to the Queen's jeweller Robert Brandon ( d. 1591 ), a goldsmith and city chamberlain of London, and Sir Roy Strong suggests that Hilliard may also have been trained in the art of limning by Levina Teerlinc during this period.

The oldest known text was written down by Robert Croo in 1534, and the oldest known printing of the melody dates from 1591.

A spate of rogue literature started in 1591 with Robert Greene's series of five pamphlets on cozenage and coney-catching.

Cherry Ripe is an English song with words by poet Robert Herrick ( 1591 – 1674 ) and music by Charles Edward Horn ( 1786 – 1849 ) which contains the refrain,

Elizabethan tomb of Sir Richard Lee ( died 1591 ) and his wife in St Mary's Church, ancestors of Robert E. Lee.