* 1637 – Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore, English politician ( d. 1715 )

* 1637 – Niwa Nagashige, Japanese warlord ( b. 1571 )

* 1637 – Countess Emilie Juliane of Barby-Mühlingen, German hymn writer ( d. 1706 )

* 1637 – Johann Gerhard, German church leader and theologian ( b. 1582 )

* 1637 – Sir Edmund Andros, English governor in North America ( d. 1714 )

* 1580 – Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc, French astronomer ( d. 1637 )

* Sir George Gordon, 3rd Baronet ( 1637 – 1720 ) ( created Earl of Aberdeen in 1682 )

* George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen ( 1637 – 1720 )

The famous fugue composer Johann Sebastian Bach ( 1685 – 1750 ) shaped his own works after those of Johann Jakob Froberger ( 1616 – 1667 ), Johann Pachelbel ( 1653 – 1706 ), Girolamo Frescobaldi ( 1583 – 1643 ), Dieterich Buxtehude ( c. 1637 – 1707 ), and other composers.

* 1637 – Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor.

* 1637 – Friedrich Nicolaus Brauns, German composer and music director in Hamburg ( d. 1718 )

* Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor ( 1578 – 1637 )

* 1637 – Tulip mania collapses in the United Provinces ( now the Netherlands ) as sellers could no longer find buyers for their bulb contracts.

* 1637 – Eighty Years ' War: Off the coast of Cornwall, England, a Spanish fleet intercepts an important Anglo-Dutch merchant convoy of 44 vessels escorted by 6 warships, destroying or capturing 20 of them.

He wrote in Chinese a life of Jesus ( Pekin, 1635 – 1637, 8 vols.

George Gordon, 1st Earl of Aberdeen ( 6 October 1637 – 20 April 1720 ), Lord Chancellor of Scotland, was the second son of Sir John Gordon, 1st Baronet, of Haddo, Aberdeenshire, ( executed in 1644 ); by his wife, Mary Forbes.

Most foreign militaries operated under the umbrella of the Multinational force in Iraq ( the MNF – I ), authorized under United Nations Security Council Resolution 1546, 1637, 1723, and 1790 until December 31, 2008.

* 1637 – Jacques Marquette, French missionary and explorer ( d. 1675 )

* 1578 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor ( d. 1637 )

* 1574 – Robert Fludd, English composer and writer ( d. 1637 )

* 1698 – Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont, French historian ( b. 1637 )

In 1637, long-standing tensions between the Puritan English of Connecticut and Massachusetts Bay colonies and the Pequot escalated into open warfare.

A Brief History of the Pequot War: Especially of the Memorable taking of their Fort at Mistick in Connecticut in 1637 / Written by Major John Mason, a principal actor therein, as then chief captain and commander of Connecticut forces ; With an introduction and some explanatory notes by the Reverend Mr. Thomas Prince ( Boston: Printed & sold by.

" Mohegan-Pequot Relationships, as Indicated by the Events Leading to the Pequot Massacre of 1637 and Subsequent Claims in the Mohegan Land Controversy ," Archaeological Society of Connecticut Bulletin 21 ( 1947 ): 26-33.

In 1637, Connecticut and Massachusetts Bay colonies overwhelmed the Pequot during the Pequot War.

A Brief History of the Pequot War: Especially of the Memorable taking of their Fort at Mistick in Connecticut in 1637 / Written by Major John Mason, a principal actor therein, as then chief captain and commander of Connecticut forces ; With an introduction and some explanatory notes by the Reverend Mr. Thomas Prince ( Boston: Printed & sold by.

When the Pequot War loomed in 1637, Standish was appointed to a committee to raise a company of 30 men, but it was Holmes who led the company in the field.

In May 1637, captains John Underhill and John Mason led a retaliatory mission through Narragansett land along with their allies, the Narragansett and Mohegan, and struck the Pequot settlement in Mystic.

More natives were killed or dispersed during the Pequot War of 1637.

In the early years of the British colonization of North America, military action in the thirteen colonies that would become the United States were the result of conflicts with Native Americans, such as in the Pequot War of 1637, King Philip's War in 1675, the Yamasee War in 1715 and Father Rale's War in 1722.

King Philip's War joined the Powhatan wars of 1610 – 14, 1622 – 32 and 1644 – 46 in Virginia, the Pequot War of 1637 in Connecticut, the Dutch-Indian war of 1643 along the Hudson River and the Iroquois Beaver Wars of 1650 in a list of ongoing uprisings and conflicts between various Native American tribes and the French, Dutch, and English colonial settlements of Canada, New York, and New England.

Governor John Winthrop proclaimed the first official " Day of Thanksgiving " in 1637 to celebrate the return of men that had gone to Mystic, Connecticut to fight against the Pequot, an action that resulted in the deaths of more than 700 Pequot women, children, and men, which their people called a massacre.

The Beaver Wars joined the Powhatan wars of 1610 – 14, 1622 – 32 and 1644 – 46 in Virginia, the Pequot War of 1637 in Connecticut, the Dutch-Indian War of 1643 along the Hudson River and King Philip's War in a list of ongoing uprisings and conflicts between various Native American tribes and the French, Dutch, and English colonial settlements of Canada, New York, and New England.

In 1637, Canonicus was largely responsible for the Narragansetts ' decision to side with the English during the Pequot War.

In 1637, during the Pequot War, Uncas was allied with the English and against the Pequots.

In September 1637 Underhill headed the militia as it marched out to the Pequot War.

As spring arrived in 1637, the Pequot stepped up their raids on Connecticut towns.

A Brief History of the Pequot War: Especially of the Memorable taking of their Fort at Mistick in Connecticut in 1637 / Written by Major John Mason, a principal actor therein, as then chief captain and commander of Connecticut forces ; With an introduction and some explanatory notes by the Reverend Mr. Thomas Prince ( Boston: Printed & sold by.

* Fickes, Michael L. "' They Could Not Endure That Yoke ': The Captivity of Pequot Women and Children after the War of 1637 ," New England Quarterly, vol.

" Mohegan-Pequot Relationships, as Indicated by the Events Leading to the Pequot Massacre of 1637 and Subsequent Claims in the Mohegan Land Controversy ," Archaeological Society of Connecticut Bulletin 21 ( 2947 ): 26-33.

The Pequot War of 1636 and 1637 saw the virtual elimination of the Pequot Indians.