* Afonso VI of Portugal-( 1656 – 1683 )

* 1723 – Guillaume Dubois, French cardinal and statesman ( b. 1656 )

* 1656 – Jan van Goyen, Dutch painter ( b. 1596 )

* 1656 – Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician and physicist ( b. 1561 )

In Provincial Letters ( 1656 – 7 ) he scolded the Jesuits for using casuistic reasoning in confession to placate wealthy Church donors, while punishing poor penitents.

** João IV ( 1640 – 1656 )

** Afonso VI ( 1656 – 1683 )

A historian from Slesvig, Ulrik Petersen ( 1656 – 1735 ), wrote in the late 17th century that the flag hung in Slesvig cathedral till about 1660 until it simply crumbled away, thus ending its more than 400-year-old story.

* 1583 – Jean-Baptiste Morin, French scientist ( d. 1656 )

Further imprisonments came at London in 1654, Launceston in 1656, Lancaster in 1660, Leicester in 1662, Lancaster again and Scarborough in 1664 – 66 and Worcester in 1673 – 75.

* 1574 – Joseph Hall, English bishop and writer ( d. 1656 )

* 1656 – Guru Har Krishan, Indian eighth of the eleven Sikh Gurus ( d. 1664 )

* 1656 – Swedish forces under the command of King Charles X Gustav defeat the forces of the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth at the Battle of Warsaw.

* 1561 – Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician ( d. 1656 )

* 1656 – Blaise Pascal publishes the first of his Lettres provinciales.

* 1656 – Polish-Lithuanian forces clash with Sweden and its Brandenburg allies in the start of what is to be known as The Battle of Warsaw which ends in a decisive Swedish victory.

* 1596 – Jan van Goyen, Dutch painter ( d. 1656 )

Jan Josephszoon van Goyen (; 13 January 1596 – 27 April 1656 ) was a Dutch landscape painter.

* 1603 – King John IV of Portugal, composer, patron of music and the arts, and musicologist ( d. 1656 )

* 1733 – Claude de Forbin, French naval commander ( b. 1656 )

The 2, 000 Tatar raiders who fought on the Polish side – before their return to Crimea – demolished most townships and caused the death of over 50 % of the population of southern Prussian region ( later Masuria ) within the years 1656 – 1657, taking 3, 400 people into slavery.

* March 4 – Claude de Forbin, French naval commander ( b. 1656 )

Claude, chevalier, then count de Forbin-Gardanne ( 6 August 1656 – 4 March 1733 ) was a French naval commander.

For the first leg of the trip, he was attached to the embassy of the Chevalier de Chaumont to Siam, and was accompanied by a group of Jesuit mathematicians ( Jean de Fontaney ( 1643 – 1710 ), Joachim Bouvet ( 1656 – 1730 ), Louis Le Comte ( 1655 – 1728 ), Guy Tachard ( 1648 – 1712 ) and Claude de Visdelou ( 1656 – 1737 )).

Fernipharus ( after Duke Ferdinand de ' Medici )-by Giovanni Batista Hodierna, a disciple of Galileo and author of the first ephemerides ( Medicaeorum Ephemerides, 1656 );

In 1632 and 1656 is was referred to as Lac de St. Louis or Lake St. Louis by Samuel de Champlain and cartographer Nicolas Sanson respectively ( likely for Louis XIV of France ) In 1660 Jesuit historian Francis Creuxius coined the name Lacus Ontarius.

* 1611 – François-Marie, comte de Broglie, Italian-born French commander ( d. 1656 )

The next major taxonomic works were produced by Joseph Pitton de Tournefort ( France, 1656 – 1708 ).

* November 1 – François-Marie, comte de Broglie, Italian-born French commander ( d. 1656 )

* May 11 – Jean Galbert de Campistron, French dramatist ( b. 1656 )

* March 20 – Nicolas de Largillière, French painter ( b. 1656 )

de: 1656

* December 28 – Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, French botanist ( b. 1656 )

* September 9 – Ferdinand de Marsin, Marshal of France ( mortally wounded at the battle of Turin ) ( born 1656 )

* L ' Imitation de Jésus-Christ ( 1656 )

* Oraison funèbre de Yolande de Monterby ' ( 1656 )

** Marie Anne d ' Orléans, ( 1652 – 1656 ), Mademoiselle de Chartres

* Tommaso Francesco ( 1596 – 1656 ) married Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons and had issue ;

Thomas Francis of Savoy ( Italian Tommaso Francesco di Savoia, Principe di Carignano, French Thomas François de Savoie, Prince de Carignan ; 21 December 1596 – 22 January 1656 ) was an Italian military commander, the founder of the Savoy-Carignano branch of the House of Savoy which reigned as kings of Sardinia from 1831 to 1861, and as kings of Italy from 1861 until the dynasty's deposition in 1946.

In 1653 a peace invitation was extended by the Onondaga Nation to New France and an expedition of Jesuits, led by Simon Le Moyne, established Sainte Marie de Ganentaa in 1656.

His first play in the French language, Les Engagements du hasard, was probably first performed at the Hôtel de Bourgogne in 1647, although not published until 1656.

In Paris, the gantiers became gantiers parfumeurs, for the scented oils, musk, ambergris and civet, that perfumed leather gloves, but their trade, which was an introduction at the court of Catherine de Medici, was not specifically recognised until 1656, in a royal brevet.

* May 11-Jean Galbert de Campistron, dramatist ( born 1656 )