* 1666 – Maria Sofia of Neuburg ( d. 1699 )

* 1666 – William Wotton, English scholar ( d. 1727 )

* 1666 – Second Anglo-Dutch War: Rear Admiral Robert Holmes leads a raid on the Dutch island of Terschelling, destroying 150 merchant ships, an act later known as " Holmes's Bonfire ".

* Afonso III of Kongo-( 1666 – 1667 )

* Alfonso III of Kongo ( 1666 – 1667 )

* 1666 – Johann Heinrich Buttstett, German organist and composer ( d. 1727 )

Other notable 17th-century outbreaks were the Italian Plague ( 1629 – 1631 ); the Great Plague of Seville ( 1647 – 1652 ); the Great Plague of London ( 1665 – 1666 ); and the Great Plague of Vienna ( 1679 ).

A new revision — probably by Bishop George Griffith ( 1601 – 1666 ), of St Asaph-based on the revised English book of 1662, was published in 1664.

* 1666 – Francesco Scarlatti, Italian composer and musician ( d. c. 1741 )

* 1666 – Guru Gobind Singh, Sikh guru ( d. 1708 )

There were many great encyclopedists throughout Chinese history, including the scientist and statesman Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) with his Dream Pool Essays of 1088, the statesman, inventor, and agronomist Wang Zhen ( active 1290 – 1333 ) with his Nong Shu of 1313, and the written Tiangong Kaiwu of Song Yingxing ( 1587 – 1666 ), the latter of whom was termed the " Diderot of China " by British historian Joseph Needham.

The founder of the epistolary novel in English is said by many to be James Howell ( 1594 – 1666 ) with " Familiar Letters ", who writes of prison, foreign adventure, and the love of women.

* 1608 – Gaspar Schott, German mathematician ( d. 1666 )

* 1584 – Albert VI of Bavaria ( d. 1666 )

* 1666 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier ( d. 1737 )

The Great Plague ( 1665 – 1666 ) was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in the Kingdom of England ( part of modern day United Kingdom ).

The 1664 – 1666 epidemic was on a far smaller scale than the earlier " Black Death " pandemic ; it was remembered afterwards as the " great " plague only because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague in England during the four-hundred-year timespan of the Second Pandemic.

* 1666 – John Ernest Grabe, German-Anglican theologian ( d. 1711 )

* 1696 – Tsar Ivan V of Russia, Russian tsar ( b. 1666 )

* 1737 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier ( b. 1666 )

* January 2 – Jean-Féry Rebel, violinist and composer ( born 1666 )

The 1666 census of New France was conducted by French intendant Jean Talon, when he took a census to ascertain the number of people living in New France.

* 1666 – Antoine Parent, French mathematician ( d. 1716 )

The early colonisation was precarious: in 1656 Carib Indians invaded and destroyed the settlements, and in 1666 the island was captured by French forces.

In the year 1666, Huygens moved to Paris where he held a position at the French Academy of Sciences under the patronage of Louis XIV.

In 1666, François Caron, the director general of the newly formed French East India Company, sailed to Madagascar.

Early settlements by the Spanish and French were succeeded by the English, who formed a colony in 1666.

* 1654 – 1666 conquered by British and destroyed by French

By the spring of 1666, the Dutch had rebuilt their fleet with much heavier ships — thirty of them possessing more cannon than any Dutch ship in early 1665 — and threatened to join with the French.

Six painters, four sculptors, and two architects would be sent to the French Academy in Rome founded by Jean-Baptiste Colbert from 1666.

He helped suppress the projected insurrection in Yorkshire in 1663, went to sea in the second Anglo-Dutch War in 1665, and took measures to resist the Dutch or French invasion in June 1666.

* Sir Oliver Óge French, Irish nationalist, died 1666

Armand de Bourbon, Prince of Conti ( 11 October 1629 – 26 February 1666 ) was a French nobleman, the second son of Henri, Prince of Condé and brother of le Grand Condé and Anne Genevieve, Duchess of Longueville.

John Evelyn wrote about them on October 18, 1666: " To Court, it being the first time his Majesty put himself solemnly into the Eastern fashion of vest changing doublet, stiff collar, bands and cloak, into a comely dress after the Persian mode, with girdles or straps, and shoestrings and garters into buckles ... resolving never to alter it, and to leave the French mode ".

In 1666, the French attacked the Mohawk in the central New York area, burning all the Mohawk villages and their stored food supply.

The roof design was first popularised by François Mansart ( 1598 – 1666 ), an accomplished architect of the French Baroque period.

Trying to make inroads in Iroquois territory, the French attacked the Mohawk in present-day central New York in 1666, destroying several villages and their winter stores.

In January 1666, the French invaded the Iroquois homeland in present-day New York.

The French Academy of Sciences ( French: Académie des sciences ) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research.

* was the Spanish 28-gun ship San Miguel, captured in 1658, but in turn taken by the French in 1666.

As physician and physicist with a degree of doctor from the University of Paris, Perrault became one of the first members of the French Academy of Sciences when it was founded in 1666.

He was one of the first members of the French Academy of Sciences founded at Paris in 1666.

* 1666: The Carignan-Salières Regiment destroys five Mohawk villages, eventually leading to peace between the Iroquois and the French.