* 1666 – Maria Sofia of Neuburg ( d. 1699 )

* 1666 – William Wotton, English scholar ( d. 1727 )

* Afonso III of Kongo-( 1666 – 1667 )

* Alfonso III of Kongo ( 1666 – 1667 )

* 1666 – Jean-Féry Rebel, French composer and violinist ( d. 1747 )

* 1666 – Johann Heinrich Buttstett, German organist and composer ( d. 1727 )

Other notable 17th-century outbreaks were the Italian Plague ( 1629 – 1631 ); the Great Plague of Seville ( 1647 – 1652 ); the Great Plague of London ( 1665 – 1666 ); and the Great Plague of Vienna ( 1679 ).

A new revision — probably by Bishop George Griffith ( 1601 – 1666 ), of St Asaph-based on the revised English book of 1662, was published in 1664.

* 1666 – Francesco Scarlatti, Italian composer and musician ( d. c. 1741 )

* 1666 – Guru Gobind Singh, Sikh guru ( d. 1708 )

There were many great encyclopedists throughout Chinese history, including the scientist and statesman Shen Kuo ( 1031 – 1095 ) with his Dream Pool Essays of 1088, the statesman, inventor, and agronomist Wang Zhen ( active 1290 – 1333 ) with his Nong Shu of 1313, and the written Tiangong Kaiwu of Song Yingxing ( 1587 – 1666 ), the latter of whom was termed the " Diderot of China " by British historian Joseph Needham.

The founder of the epistolary novel in English is said by many to be James Howell ( 1594 – 1666 ) with " Familiar Letters ", who writes of prison, foreign adventure, and the love of women.

* 1608 – Gaspar Schott, German mathematician ( d. 1666 )

* 1584 – Albert VI of Bavaria ( d. 1666 )

* 1666 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier ( d. 1737 )

The Great Plague ( 1665 – 1666 ) was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in the Kingdom of England ( part of modern day United Kingdom ).

The 1664 – 1666 epidemic was on a far smaller scale than the earlier " Black Death " pandemic ; it was remembered afterwards as the " great " plague only because it was the last widespread outbreak of bubonic plague in England during the four-hundred-year timespan of the Second Pandemic.

* 1666 – John Ernest Grabe, German-Anglican theologian ( d. 1711 )

* 1696 – Tsar Ivan V of Russia, Russian tsar ( b. 1666 )

* 1737 – George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier ( b. 1666 )

In particular it is an invaluable source for the study of the Second Anglo-Dutch War of 1665 – 7, of the Great Plague of 1665, and of the Great Fire of London in 1666.

File: Van Soest, Four Days Battle. jpg | The Four Days ' Battle, 1 – 4 June 1666, during the Second Anglo – Dutch War

) The Third Folio is relatively rare, compared to the Second and Fourth, probably because unsold copies were destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666.

" The Second Day of the Four Day Battle of 1666 "

The Royal Prince and other vessels at the Four Days Fight, 11 – 14 June 1666 ( Abraham Storck ) depicts a battle of the Second Anglo-Dutch War.

In this Second Anglo-Dutch War ( 1665 – 1667 ) he won a hard-fought victory in the Four Days Battle ( June 1666 ) but narrowly escaped disaster in the St James's Day Battle ( August 1666 ) which brought him into conflict with Cornelis Tromp, eventually leading to Tromp's dismissal.

It is a rare example of a City church that has managed to escape both the Great Fire of London in 1666 and the Second World War bombing during the London Blitz of 1940-1941.

The Second Anglo-Dutch War began in 1665, lasting until 1667 when it ended with the Treaty of Breda, in which De Witt negotiated very favorable agreements for the Republic after the partial destruction of the British fleet in the Raid on the Medway, initiated by De Witt himself and executed in 1666 by De Ruyter.

The church escaped the Great Fire of London in 1666 and suffered only minor damage in the London Blitz of the Second World War.

* The Four Days Battle, 11 June – 14 June 1666, in the Second Anglo-Dutch War.

* The St. James's Day Battle, August 4 to August 5, 1666, in the Second Anglo-Dutch War.

* HMS Chatham was a galliot captured in 1666 during the Second Anglo-Dutch War and given away in 1667.

* The St. James's Day Battle, July 25 to July 26, 1666, in the Second Anglo-Dutch War.

He helped suppress the projected insurrection in Yorkshire in 1663, went to sea in the second Anglo-Dutch War in 1665, and took measures to resist the Dutch or French invasion in June 1666.

While in the Netherlands, Blood is said to have gained the favour of Admiral Ruyter ( an opponent of England during the Anglo-Dutch Wars ), and was implicated in the Scottish Covenanters Pentland Rising of 1666.

By 1776, the position of the British Secretary at War was a sophisticated managerial role, but the duties in 1661 to 1666 of England's first Secretary at War, Sir William Clarke, were more basic ones of literally handling the secretarial duties of managing official correspondence, memoranda, military orders, and financial accounts.

In 1667 he achieved another great victory over the Cossacks and their Tatar allies in the Battle of Podhajce during the Polish – Cossack – Tatar War ( 1666 – 71 ).

In 1666 the Smithfield area was left mostly untouched by the Great Fire of London, which stopped near the Fortune of War tavern, at the junction of Giltspur Street and Cock Lane, where the statue of the Golden Boy of Pye Corner is located.

* John Owen ( Royalist ) ( 1600 – 1666 ), Welsh Royalist officer during the English Civil War

The memorial to James Howell in the Temple Church for which he paid himself, as mentioned in his will of 1666, was destroyed in World War II.

Clarke served as the Secretary at War from 1661 to his death in 1666, as a casualty of war with the Dutch.

Henry Hastings, 1st Baron Loughborough ( 28 September 1610 – 10 January 1666 / 1667 ) was an English Royalist army commander in the Midlands during the English Civil War.

St. Helen's was one of only a few City churches to survive both the Great Fire of London of 1666 and the Blitz during World War II.

Sir John Colleton, 1st Baronet ( 1608 – 1666 ) served Charles I during the English Civil War.