* 1653 – Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English soldier and politician ( d. 1688 )

* 1688 – Frederick William I of Prussia ( d. 1740 )

English conservatism, which was called Toryism, emerged during the Restoration ( 1660 – 1688 ).

The Qianlong Emperor in ceremonial armor on horseback, painted by Giuseppe Castiglione ( 1688 – 1766 ) | Giuseppe Castiglione, dated 1739 or 1758.

Mather lived on Hanover Street ( Boston, Massachusetts ) | Hanover Street, Boston, 1688 – 1718

* 1688 – Gaspar Fagel, Dutch statesman ( b. 1634 )

From 1697 to 1698 he defended the right of King William III to a standing army during disarmament after the Treaty of Ryswick ( 1697 ) had ended the Nine Years ' War ( 1688 – 97 ).

The theory of divine right was abandoned in England during the Glorious Revolution of 1688 – 89.

Ecological concepts such as food chains, population regulation, and productivity were first developed in the 1700s, through the published works of microscopist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek ( 1632 – 1723 ) and botanist Richard Bradley ( 1688 ?– 1732 ).

* 1689 – The Convention Parliament declares that the flight to France in 1688 by James II, the last Roman Catholic British monarch, constitutes an abdication.

* 1620 – Frederick William, Duke of Prussia ( d. 1688 )

Frederick William I () ( 14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740 ) was the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg ( as Frederick William II ) from 1713 until his death.

Louis XIV of France conquered parts of Alsace and Lorraine ( 1678 – 1681 ), and had invaded and devastated the Electorate of the Palatinate ( 1688 – 1697 ) in the War of Palatinian Succession.

* 1688 – 1711: Philip William, Prince in Prussia, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt ( son of Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg )

* 1640 – 1688: Frederick I / III William the Great Elector ( son of, also Elector of Brandenburg )

* 1688 – 1701: Frederick II / IV / I ( also Elector of Brandenburg and King in Prussia )

* 1688 – Constantine Phaulkon, Greek adventurer ( b. 1667 )

* 1688 – The Immortal Seven issue the Invitation to William ( continuing the English rebellion from Rome ), which would culminate in the Glorious Revolution.

* 1634 – Gaspar Fagel, Dutch statesman ( d. 1688 )

* 1688 – Juraj Jánošík, Slovak criminal ( d. 1713 )

* 1635 – Philippe Quinault, French writer ( d. 1688 )

* The Jacobites, Britain and Europe 1688 – 1788, Daniel Szechi, Manchester University Press 1994 ISBN 0-7190-3774-3

* 1689 – The Convention Parliament convenes to determine if James II and VII, the last Roman Catholic monarch of England, Ireland and Scotland, had vacated the thrones when he fled to France in 1688.

* 1688 – Giuseppe Castiglione, Italian missionary ( d. 1766 )

Along with James II's perceived despotism, his religion was the main cause of the Glorious Revolution of 1688, and the previous linked religious and succession problems solved by the joint monarchy of William and Mary.

Owing to the refusal of the chief officers of the corporation to take the oath of allegiance to William III in 1688, the charter was annulled, and the town subsequently declined in prosperity.

But with the flight of James in 1688 and the arrival of the Calvinist William of Orange the position of the parties changed.

William III was crowned in 1688, and Defoe immediately became one of his close allies and a secret agent.

The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England ( James VII of Scotland and James II of Ireland ) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau ( William of Orange ).

After consolidating political and financial support, William crossed the North Sea and English Channel with a large invasion fleet in November 1688, landing at Torbay.

In November 1688, William landed in England with an invading force, and succeeding in being crowned king.

Because of its strategic position, Harwich was the target for the invasion of Britain by William of Orange on November 11, 1688.

After James II was deposed in 1688 and replaced by his daughter Mary II, ruling jointly with her husband and first cousin ( James's nephew ) William III, the Stuarts lived in exile, occasionally attempting to regain the throne.

Locke accompanied William of Orange's wife back to England in 1688.

* 1688 – The Glorious Revolution: William of Orange captures Exeter.

* 1688 – The Glorious Revolution begins: William of Orange lands at Brixham.

* 1688 – William Cheselden, English surgeon and anatomist ( d. 1752 )

A meaningful starting point, however, is 1688 – 9 when James II fled England and the Parliament of England confirmed William and Mary as joint constitutional monarchs, enacting legislation that limited their authority and that of their successors: the Bill of Rights ( 1689 ), the Mutiny Bill ( 1689 ), the Triennial Bill ( 1694 ), the Treason Act ( 1696 ) and the Act of Settlement ( 1701 ).

The biggest of these was Friedrichstadt, just south west of the historic core of Berlin, begun in 1688 and named after new Elector Frederick William III, who later became King Frederick I of Prussia.

This position changed in 1689 when Leopold secured William III of England's support to claim the undivided Spanish Empire in return for Leopold's aid against France in the War of the Grand Alliance ( 1688 – 1697 ).

His supporters, the Jacobites, turn to his son James Francis Edward Stuart ( 1688 – 1766 ), later called " The Old Pretender ", whom they recognise as James VIII and III.

Equestrian portrait of William III by Jan Wyck, commemorating the landing at Brixham, Torbay, 5 November 1688

After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, Queen Mary II and King William III governed with both Whigs and Tories, despite the fact that many of the Tories still supported the deposed Roman Catholic James II.

Following the Glorious Revolution of 1688 in England, when the Catholic King James II of England was deposed and the Protestant William III ascended the throne, a rebellion of Maryland Puritan Protestants overthrew Calvert's rule.

William III on his march to London in 1688 rested here, at the nearby recently rebuilt Fawley Court and received a deputation from the Lords.

The Glorious Revolution of 1688 ended the 17th century conflict by placing Prince William III of Orange on the English throne as co-ruler with his wife Mary.

The first to be so called — by Whig historians — was the Glorious Revolution of 1688, whereby James II was replaced by William III and Mary II as monarch and a constitutional monarchy was established.

The Glorious Revolution of 1688, whereby James II was replaced by William III and Mary II as monarch and a constitutional monarchy established, was described by Whig historians as the English Revolution.

The Admirals Maarten Tromp, Michiel de Ruyter and Piet Heyn had their home base here and in 1688 during the Glorious Revolution William III of Orange's invasion fleet departed from the port.

* Mar Thoma III ( 1686 – 1688 ) – Consecrated by Mar Ivanios Hidayathullah ( from Antioch ).

Among his other works are a History of that Most Victorious Monarch Edward III ( 1688 ), an epic work numbering 900 + pages, in which he introduces long and elaborate speeches into the narrative ; editions of Euripides ( 1694 ) and of Homer ( 1711 ), also one of Anacreon ( 1705 ) which contains titles of Greek verses of his own which he hoped to publish.

William Prince of Orange ( afterwards King William III of Great Britain & Ireland ) landed in Brixham with his mainly Dutch army, on 5 November 1688, during the Glorious Revolution, and issued his famous declaration " The Liberties of England and The Protestant Religion I Will Maintain ".

William Prince of Orange ( afterwards King William III ) landed in Brixham on 5 November 1688, during the Glorious Revolution, and issued his famous declaration " The Liberties of England and The Protestant Religion I Will Maintain ".

Following the birth of the Catholic James II's only son James Francis Edward Stuart (" The Old Pretender "), the English establishment determined to avoid the possibility of a Catholic dynasty on the English throne by engineering the Glorious Revolution, when the throne was offered to the older of James's two Protestant daughters from his first marriage and her husband, the Stadhouder of Holland, who uniquely reigned as co-monarchs, William III ( 1688 – 1702 ) and Mary II ( 1688 – 1694 ).

Following the death of Queen Mary from smallpox in 1694, William continued to reign as William III, with his regnal years continuing to date from 1688.