* 1808 – John Jacob Astor incorporates the American Fur Company, that would eventually make him America's first millionaire.

* 1808 – Hamilton Fish, American politician ( d. 1893 )

* Haliotis laevigata Donovan, 1808 – the Smooth Australian abalone or greenlip abalone

* Haliotis spadicea Donovan, 1808 – the Blood-spotted abalone

* 1808 – Battle of Vimeiro: British and Portuguese forces led by General Arthur Wellesley defeat French force under Major-General Jean-Andoche Junot near the village of Vimeiro, Portugal, the first Anglo-Portuguese victory of the Peninsular War.

Andrew Johnson ( December 29, 1808 July 31, 1875 ) was the 17th President of the United States ( 1865 – 1869 ).

In European Spain, or just " the Peninsula " in the jargon of the Spains, after economic and human ravages of the Napoleonic Invasion ( 1808 ) and the War of Liberation ( 1808 – 1814 ) there ensued the aforementioned Latinamerican conflicts, in addition to the Carlist wars, the liberal-conservative wars, and the bleeding of people and resources into Latin America.

Alfonso's short reign established the foundations for the final socioeconomic recuperation of Spain after the 1808 – 1874 crisis.

* 1808 – Princess Ludovika of Bavaria ( d. 1892 )

* 1808 – William W. Chapman, American politician ( d. 1892 )

* 1808 – The Roman Catholic Diocese of Baltimore is promoted to an archdiocese, with the founding of the dioceses of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Bardstown ( now Louisville ) by Pope Pius VII.

* 1875 – Karl Andree, German geographer ( b. 1808 )

His sons were: Mustafa IV ( 1807 – 08 ) ( his son by Ayşe Seniyeperver ), Mahmud II ( 1808 – 39 ) ( his son by Naksh-i-Dil Haseki ), Murad, Nusret, Mehmed, Ahmed, and Süleyman.

In the Karang Intan Agreement during the reign of Prince Nata Dilaga ( Susuhunan Nata Alam ) ( 1808 – 1825 ), the Banjar Kingdom gave up its territories to the Dutch Indies which included Bulungan, Kutai, Pasir, Pagatan and Kotawaringin.

Following his conquest of most of Western Europe, the first Napoleon made his elder brother Joseph ( 1768 – 1844 ) king first of Naples ( 1806 – 1808 ) and then of Spain ( 1808 – 1813 ), his third brother Louis ( 1778 – 1846 ) king of Holland ( 1806 – 1810 ) ( subsequently forcing his abdication after his failure to subordinate Dutch interests to those of France ) and his youngest brother Jérôme Bonaparte ( 1784 – 1860 ) king of Westphalia, the short-lived realm created from some of the states of northwestern Germany ( 1807 – 1813 ).

Commissioned by Ludwig I of Bavaria in 1808 and finished in 1832 a statue of Adonis is one of the few works in marble carved solely by Thorvaldsen's own hand, and at the same time it is one of the works that is closest to the antique Greek ideals.

Brentano assisted Ludwig Achim von Arnim, his brother-in-law, in the collection of folk-songs forming Des Knaben Wunderhorn ( 1805 – 1808 ), which Gustav Mahler drew upon for his song cycle.

His son Heinrich Ludwig Planck ( 1785 – 1831 ), also professor of theology at Göttingen, published Bemerkungen über den ersten Brief an den Timotheus ( 1808 ) and Abriss d. philos.

Ludwig van Beethoven felt a certain reluctance in writing program music, and said of his 1808 Symphony No. 6 ( Pastoral ) that the " whole work can be perceived without description – it is more an expression of feelings rather than tone-painting ".

To advise on the project, the Royal Gardener Friedrich Ludwig Sckell ( von Sckell from his knighthood in 1808 ) who had studied landscape gardening in England and had previously worked for Carl Theodor at Schwetzingen, had been summoned to Munich earlier in August.

68, also known as the Pastoral Symphony ( German Pastoral-Sinfonie ), is a symphony composed by Ludwig van Beethoven, and was completed in 1808.

Ludwig van Beethoven's String Quartet No. 7 in F major was published in 1808 as opus 59, No. 1.

Karl Ludwig Fernow ( 19 November 1763 – 4 December 1808 ) was a German art critic and archaeologist.

After working under his father, Hinschius in 1852 began to study jurisprudence at Heidelberg and Berlin, the teacher who had most influence upon him being Aemilius Ludwig Richter ( 1808 – 1864 ), to whom he afterwards ascribed the great utriusque juris, and in 1859 was admitted to the juridical faculty of Berlin.

Ludwig van Beethoven's String Quartet No. 9 in C major was published in 1808 as opus 59, no.

Some of his teachers belonged to the famous Second " Vienna School ", such as Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky ( 1804 – 1878 ) and Josef Skoda ( 1805 – 1881 ) ( its founders ), as well as Joseph Hyrtl ( 1810 – 1894 ), Johann Ritter von Oppolzer ( 1808 – 1871 ), and the famous physiologist Carl Ludwig ( 1816 – 1895 ).

Johann Julius Gottfried Ludwig Frank or Julius Frank ( 1808 – 1841 ) was a professor of history, geography and philosophy from Gotha, Germany.

* 1849 to 1865 Louis Harms ( baptised as Ludwig, but called Louis, born 5 May 1808, died 14 November 1865 )

So early as April 1819, at Göttingen, he had fallen under the influence of Karl Ludwig von Haller's Handbuch der allgemeinen Staatenkunde ( 1808 ), a text-book of the counter-revolution.

* Johannes Jacobus van Rhijn ( 1797 – 1808 )

During the French occupation of the Dutch Republic, it was founded as the Koninklijk Instituut van Wetenschappen, Letterkunde en Schoone Kunsten ( Royal Institute of Sciences, Literature and Fine Arts ) by Lodewijk Napoleon on May 4, 1808.

* Johannes Jacobus van Rhijn ( 1797 – 1808 )

* Johannes Jacobus van Rhijn ( 1797 – 1808 )

In 1807, in conjunction with his cousin Karl van Ess, he had published a German translation of the New Testament, and, as its circulation was discountenanced by his superiors, he published in 1808 a defence of his views, entitled Auszuge aus den heiligen Vdtern und anderen Lehrern der katholischen Kirche uber das nothwendige und nutzlicke Bibellesen.

In 1808, van Heiden was promoted to Captain 1st class and was awarded command of the Russian flotilla in Viborg in the 1808-09 war against Sweden following Russia's alliance with Napoleon after the treaty at Tilsit in 1807.

Beethoven wrote the two piano trios while spending the summer of 1808 in Heiligenstadt, Vienna, where he had completed his Symphony No. 5 the previous summer.

Beethoven accordingly experimented with cutting it back somewhat, for a planned 1808 performance in Prague ; this is believed to be the version now called " Leonore No. 1 ".

However, the first printed edition ( 1808 ) was dedicated to Beethoven ’ s friend Stephan von Breuning.

In 1808, Spohr practiced with Beethoven at the latter's home, working on the Piano Trio, Op.

The first composer to write a separate contrabassoon part in a symphony was Beethoven, in his Fifth Symphony ( 1808 ), although Bach, Handel ( in his Music for the Royal Fireworks ), Haydn, and Mozart occasionally used it in other genres.

One of Beethoven's few works containing explicitly programmatic content, the symphony was first performed in the Theater an der Wien on 22 December 1808 in a four hour concert called the Musikalische Akademie.

Both symphonies were premiered in a long and under-rehearsed concert in the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, on 22 December 1808.