* 1808 – John Jacob Astor incorporates the American Fur Company, that would eventually make him America's first millionaire.

* 1808 – Hamilton Fish, American politician ( d. 1893 )

* Haliotis laevigata Donovan, 1808 – the Smooth Australian abalone or greenlip abalone

* Haliotis spadicea Donovan, 1808 – the Blood-spotted abalone

* 1808 – Battle of Vimeiro: British and Portuguese forces led by General Arthur Wellesley defeat French force under Major-General Jean-Andoche Junot near the village of Vimeiro, Portugal, the first Anglo-Portuguese victory of the Peninsular War.

Andrew Johnson ( December 29, 1808 July 31, 1875 ) was the 17th President of the United States ( 1865 – 1869 ).

In European Spain, or just " the Peninsula " in the jargon of the Spains, after economic and human ravages of the Napoleonic Invasion ( 1808 ) and the War of Liberation ( 1808 – 1814 ) there ensued the aforementioned Latinamerican conflicts, in addition to the Carlist wars, the liberal-conservative wars, and the bleeding of people and resources into Latin America.

Alfonso's short reign established the foundations for the final socioeconomic recuperation of Spain after the 1808 – 1874 crisis.

* 1808 – Princess Ludovika of Bavaria ( d. 1892 )

* 1808 – William W. Chapman, American politician ( d. 1892 )

* 1808 – The Roman Catholic Diocese of Baltimore is promoted to an archdiocese, with the founding of the dioceses of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Bardstown ( now Louisville ) by Pope Pius VII.

* 1875 – Karl Andree, German geographer ( b. 1808 )

His sons were: Mustafa IV ( 1807 – 08 ) ( his son by Ayşe Seniyeperver ), Mahmud II ( 1808 – 39 ) ( his son by Naksh-i-Dil Haseki ), Murad, Nusret, Mehmed, Ahmed, and Süleyman.

In the Karang Intan Agreement during the reign of Prince Nata Dilaga ( Susuhunan Nata Alam ) ( 1808 – 1825 ), the Banjar Kingdom gave up its territories to the Dutch Indies which included Bulungan, Kutai, Pasir, Pagatan and Kotawaringin.

Following his conquest of most of Western Europe, the first Napoleon made his elder brother Joseph ( 1768 – 1844 ) king first of Naples ( 1806 – 1808 ) and then of Spain ( 1808 – 1813 ), his third brother Louis ( 1778 – 1846 ) king of Holland ( 1806 – 1810 ) ( subsequently forcing his abdication after his failure to subordinate Dutch interests to those of France ) and his youngest brother Jérôme Bonaparte ( 1784 – 1860 ) king of Westphalia, the short-lived realm created from some of the states of northwestern Germany ( 1807 – 1813 ).

* 1808 – The organizational meeting that led to the creation of the Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is held in Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.

A meeting at Trinity House circa 1808

The first quarterly meeting of the Society for 1808 was held at its new building on February 3, 1808.

The Congress of Erfurt was the meeting between Emperor Napoleon I of France and Tsar Alexander I of Russia from 27 September to 14 October 1808 intended to reaffirm the alliance concluded the previous year with the Treaty of Tilsit which followed the end of the War of the Fourth Coalition.

Tudor served as a Representative of Boston in the Massachusetts General Court, 1781 – 1794 ; as a State Senator, 1801 and 1802 ; Secretary of the Commonwealth, 1808 and 1809 ; and was a founder of the Massachusetts Historical Society, whose first meeting was held on January 24, 1791 in his house on Court Street, Boston.

Frederic's father also served as a Representative of Boston in the Massachusetts General Court ( 1781 — 94 ), State Senator ( 1801 — 02 ), and Secretary of the Commonwealth ( 1808 — 09 ), and was a founder of the Massachusetts Historical Society, whose first meeting was held in his house in Boston.

Voting in the various states took place between April 1808 ( New York ) and May 1809 ( Tennessee ) with the Congress meeting on May 22, 1809.

He was made an honorary founding member of the Wernerian Natural History Society of Edinburgh in 1808.

His former student Robert Jameson, who later became Regius Professor at the University of Edinburgh, founded the Wernerian Natural History Society in 1808 honour of Werner, which, while debating many aspects of natural history, was a bastion of the Wernerian view of the earth.

During this period he became the first eminent exponent in Britain of the Wernerian geological system, or Neptunism, and the acknowledged leader of the Scottish Wernerians, founding and presiding over the Wernerian Natural History Society in 1808 until around 1850, when his health began to decline, together with the fortunes of the Society.

This resulted in the founding of the Wernerian Society ( 1808 – 1858 ), a parallel organisation that focused more upon natural history and scientific research that could be used to improve Scotland's weak agricultural and industrial base.

Under the leadership of Prof. Robert Jameson, the Wernerians first founded Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society ( 1808 – 1821 ) and then the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal ( 1822 ), thereby diverting the output of the Royal Society's Transactions.

* Wernerian Natural History Society of Edinburgh ( 1808 )-honorary founding member

In 1808, he participated in founding the Wernerian Society, a learned society devoted to the study of natural history.

Thomson dabbled in publishing, acted as a consultant to the Scottish excise board, invented the instrument known as Allan's saccharometer, and opposed the geological theories of James Hutton, founding the Wernerian Natural History Society of Edinburgh as a platform in 1808.

George Robert Gray FRS ( 8 July 1808 – 6 May 1872 ) was an English zoologist and author, and head of the ornithological section of the British Museum, now the Natural History Museum, in London for forty-one years.

The fossil received its name from Johann Fischer von Waldheim, the Dirécteur Perpétuel of the Natural History Museum, Moscow University, at a presentation before the Societé Impériale des Naturalistes in 1808.

In 1808, two committees were formed, the Physical Committee and the Library Committee, the former for the promotion of Natural History, Medicine, Physics etc.

* Simon Collier and William F. Sater, A History of Chile, 1808 – 1894, Cambridge University Press, 1996

* Brooke, T. H., A History of the Island of St Helena from its Discovery by the Portuguese to the Year 1806 ”, Printed for Black, Parry and Kingsbury, London, 1808

* Griffith, Paddy A History of the Peninsular War: Modern Studies of the War in Spain and Portugal, 1808 – 14 v. 9 Greenhill Books, 1999, ISBN 1-85367-348-X.

A History of Chile, 1808 – 1994, by Simon Collier and William F. Sater

In the Annual Review for 1808 two articles of his are traced — a " Review of Fox's History ," and an article on " Bentham's Law Reforms ," probably his first published notice of Bentham.

* Chapter 2 of Brooke's 1808 History of the Island of St. Helena

Here Clarkson wrote much of his History of the Abolition of the Slave Trade ( 1808 ).

A History of Chile: 1808 – 1994.

A History of Chile, 1808 – 1994, by Simon Collier and William F. Sater

His life became the nucleus of the popular tale of Doctor Faust from circa the 1580s, notably culminating in Christopher Marlowe's play The Tragicall History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus ( 1604 ) and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's closet drama Faust ( 1808 ).

In 1813 he published his Researches into the Physical History of Man, in 2 vols, on essentially the same themes as his dissertation in 1808.

The academies he joined were: the Academy of Science and Literature ( joined in 1807 ), Academy of Science ( 1808 ), the Academy of Literature History ( 1810 ), the Academy of Agriculture and Forestry ( 1818 ), the Swedish Academy ( 1819 ), the Scientific society in Uppsala ( 1820 ) and the Academy of Music ( 1822 ).

* " The Peninsular War, 1808 – 14 ", in The Cambridge Modern History, Vol.

Returning to the United States in 1808 he was admitted to the Bar, and in 1811 established at Philadelphia the " American Review of History and Politics ", the first American quarterly review.