* 1812 – British forces under the command of the Duke of Wellington assault the fortress of Badajoz.

* 1812 – Alexander Herzen, Russian writer ( d. 1870 )

* 1812 – The Territory of Orleans becomes the 18th U. S. state under the name Louisiana.

* 1812 – Kaspar Hauser, German mystery boy ( d. 1833 )

* 1812 – Bertalan Szemere, Hungarian politician ( d. 1869 )

* 1812 – War of 1812: The Battle of Fort Dearborn is fought between United States troops and Potawatomi at what is now Chicago, Illinois.

* 1812 – War of 1812: American General William Hull surrenders Fort Detroit without a fight to the British Army.

* 1812 – War of 1812: American frigate defeats the British frigate off the coast of Nova Scotia, Canada earning her nickname " Old Ironsides ".

He was one of the founders of the Geological Society of London in 1807 and was its honorary secretary in 1812 – 1817.

Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, to Jacob Johnson ( 1778 – 1812 ) and Mary (" Polly ") McDonough ( 1783 – 1856 ), a seamstress and the daughter of Andrew McDonough.

* 1812 – Peninsula War: A coalition of Spanish, British, and Portuguese forces succeed in lifting the two-and-a-half-year-long Siege of Cádiz.

* Alfonso Sanz y Martínez de Arizala ( 28 January 1880, Madrid – 1970 ), married in 1922 to María de Guadalupe de Limantour y Mariscal ( d. 1977, Marbella ), daughter of Julio de Limantour y Marquet ( 17 June 1863, Mexico City – 11 October 1909, Mexico City ) and wife Elena Mariscal y ..., paternal granddaughter of French Joseph Yves de Limantour y Rence de la Pagame ( 1812, Ploemeur – 1885, Mexico City ) and wife Adèle Marquet y Cabannes ( 1820, Bordeaux –?

* 1768 – Joseph Dennie, American author and journalist ( d. 1812 )

* 1812 – Agoston Haraszthy Hungarian-American traveler, writer, and winemaker, founded Buena Vista Winery ( d. 1869 )

* 1812 – Peninsular War: French troops engage British-Portuguese forces in the Battle of Majadahonda.

* 1748 – Joseph Schuster, German composer ( d. 1812 )

* 1813 – War of 1812: United States troops capture the capital of Upper Canada in the Battle of York ( present day Toronto, Canada ).

* Principality of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym: 1718 – 1812

* 1812 – Karl Eduard Zachariae von Lingenthal, German jurist ( d. 1894 )

* June 3 – Karl Eduard Zachariae, German jurist and expert on Byzantine law ( b. 1812 )

Karl Eduard Zachariae von Lingenthal ( December 24, 1812 – June 3, 1894 ) was an eminent German jurist and the son of Karl Salomo Zachariae von Lingenthal.

He again set out on his adventurous travels, lived in close contact, with the first men of his time, such as Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, August von Gneisenau and Heinrich Friedrich Karl Stein, and in 1812 was summoned by the last named to St Petersburg to assist in the organization of the final struggle against France.

His grandson, Eugene Lamoral de Ligne ( 1804 – 1880 ), was a distinguished Belgian statesman, and another grandson, Count Maximilian Karl Lamoral O ' Donnell von Tyrconnell ( 1812 – 1895 ), helped save the life of Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria in 1853.

* 1763 – 1812: Friedrich Karl August

* Karl Schwarz ( 1812 – 1885 ), German Protestant theologian

The Convention of Tauroggen was a truce signed 30 December 1812 at Tauroggen ( now Tauragė, Lithuania ), between Generalleutnant Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg on behalf of his Prussian troops ( who had been compelled to augment the Grande Armée during the invasion of Russia ), and by General Hans Karl von Diebitsch of the Russian Army.

On the other side, the Romanian Academy published some notes by Karl Marx which talk about the " injustice " of the 1812 annexation of Bessarabia and Nicolae Ceauşescu in a 1965 speech quoted a letter by Friedrich Engels in which he criticized the Russian annexation, while in another 1966 speech, he denounced the pre-World War II calls of the Romanian Communist Party for the Soviet annexation of Bessarabia and Bukovina.

* Karl von Hake ( 17 June 1810 – March 1812 )

Wilhelm Perthes engaged the collaboration of the most eminent German geographers of the time, including Stieler, Heinrich Berghaus ( 1797 – 1884 ), Christian Gottlieb Reichard ( 1758 – 1837 ), who was associated with Stieler in the compilation of the atlas, Karl Spruner ( 1803 – 1892 ), and Emil von Sydow ( 1812 – 1873 ).

* Johann Gottfried Lessing ( 1693-1770 ) pastor primarus in Kamenz, well respected, published theologian, translator and father of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing ( 1729 – 1781 ) and Karl Gotthelf Lessing ( 1740 – 1812 ).

* Carl Friedrich Lessing ( 1778 – 1848 ), son of Karl Gotthelf Lessing ( 1740 – 1812 ) chancellor

* Friedrich Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont ( 1743 – 1812 ), Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont

Portrait of Karl Theodor von Dalberg by Franz Stirnbrand, 1812

* Maximilian Karl Lamoral O ' Donnell von Tyrconnell, ( 1812 – 1895 ), Irish-Austrian Count, son of Maurice / Moritz

On 30 December 1812, the Prussian general Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg signed the Convention of Tauroggen with the Russian general Hans Karl von Diebitsch for neutralization of the Prussian corps at and near Tilsit, and for the free passage of the Russians through that part of the king's dominions.

* Louis Augustus Karl Frederick Emil 1812 – 1818

Friedrich Karl Biedermann ( 25 September 1812, Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony – 5 March 1901 ) was a German professor, politician, and publisher who greatly aided the Liberal movement in Germany during the process of German Unification.

Friedrich Karl Biedermann was born in Leipzig on September 25, 1812.

* Karl Emanuel, Landgrave of Hesse-Rotenburg 1778 – 1812

* 1833 – Kaspar Hauser, German foundling ( b. 1812 )

Hansel and Gretel is a fairy tale of German origin, recorded by the Brothers Grimm in 1812.

* 1812 – Berthold Auerbach, German poet and author ( d. 1882 )

The Duchy's military forces, led by Józef Poniatowski, participated in numerous campaigns, including the Polish – Austrian War of 1809, the French invasion of Russia in 1812, and the German campaign of 1813.

* 1812 – Georg Hermann Nicolai, German architect ( d. 1881 )

* 1754 – Franz Anton Hoffmeister, German composer and publisher ( d. 1812 )

It was created in 1812 by the German geologist and mineralogist Friedrich Mohs and is one of several definitions of hardness in materials science.

* 1812 – Emanuel Schikaneder, German actor and singer ( b. 1751 )

* July 10 – Johann Gottfried Galle, German astronomer ( b. 1812 )

* January 24 – Friedrich von Flotow, German composer ( b. 1812 )

In 1812, they published their first volume of 86 folk tales, Kinder-und Hausmärchen, followed quickly by two volumes of German legends and a volume of early literary history.

The first collectors to attempt to preserve not only the plot and characters of the tale, but also the style in which they were told, were the Brothers Grimm, collecting German fairy tales ; ironically, this meant although their first edition ( 1812 & 1815 ) remains a treasure for folklorists, they rewrote the tales in later editions to make them more acceptable, which ensured their sales and the later popularity of their work.

It is named after German surgeon August Gottlieb Richter ( 1742 – 1812 ).

The town was organized in 1812 from part of the Town of Warren, which was itself made by a partition of the Town of German Flatts.

The origin of the name of the town is obscure, although it is alleged to be named after the German spelling of Vilnius, in commemoration of the French occupation of Vilnius, Lithuania in 1812.

Between 1806 and 1815, Napoleon organized the German states into the Confederation of the Rhine, but this collapsed after his defeats in 1812 to 1815.

* Aaron Bernstein ( 1812 – 1884 ), German short story writer and historian

The best known is a German version collected by the Brothers Grimm in 1812 as, " Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs " ( or Dwarves ).

Theodor Bergk ( 12 May 1812 – 20 July 1881 ) was a German philologist, an authority on classical Greek poetry.