In 1821, the settlers moved and renamed the settlement Columbia — a poetic name for the United States.

1821 — English and Tahitian missionaries land in Aitutaki, become the first non-Polynesian settlers.

She was the second oldest of seven children — Guelma Penn ( 1818 – 1873 ), Hannah Lapham ( 1821 – 1877 ), Daniel Read ( 1824 – 1904 ), Mary Stafford ( 1827 – 1907 ), Eliza Tefft ( 1832 – 1834 ), and Jacob Merritt ( 1834 – 1900 ).

* Ralph Waldo Emerson — poem Indian Superstition ( 1821 )

486 Greek Cypriots were executed on 9 July 1821, accused of conspiring with the rebelling Greeks, including four Bishops and numerous prominent citizens — all beheaded in the central square of Nicosia, while Archbishop Kyprianos was hanged.

* 1821 — Thomas Johann Seebeck invents the thermocouple

* 1821 — André-Marie Ampère announces his theory of electrodynamics, predicting the force that one current exerts upon another.

* 1821 — Thomas Johann Seebeck discovers the thermoelectric effect.

* 1821 — Augustin-Jean Fresnel derives a mathematical demonstration that polarization can be explained only if light is entirely transverse, with no longitudinal vibration whatsoever.

# Zephaniah Swift Moore, 1821 — 1823

In 1821, an guest cabin was built on Mount Holyoke by a local committee — one of the first New England summit houses.

Today's St. Marks evidently has its roots in American commercial activity that took hold beneath the walls of the fort upon acquisition of Spanish Florida by the U. S. in 1821 — before the settlement moved slightly up St. Marks River to the present position.

In his 1821 play, Almansor, the German writer Heinrich Heine — referring to the burning of the Muslim holy book, the Qur ' an, during the Spanish Inquisition — wrote, " Where they burn books, so too will they in the end burn human beings.

* February 14 — Charles Samuel Bovy-Lysberg, composer and pianist ( b. 1821 )

In 1821 Virginia named a new county — Morgan County — in his honor.

* Prionailurus bengalensis sumatranus ( Horsfield 1821 ) — Sumatra and Tebingtinggi ;

The Greek War of Independence ( 1821 — 1829 ) was fought to liberate Greece from a three centuries long Ottoman occupation.

The numerous revolutions in Crete, during and after the Greek War of Independence, ( 1821, 1833, 1841, 1858, 1866, 1878, 1889, 1895, 1897 ) were the result of the Cretans ' desire for Enosis — Union with Greece.

In 1821, the Fine Arts Institution of Edinburgh accepted three of Roberts's paintings — views of Melrose and Dryburgh abbeys ) — two of which sold.

Scholars affiliated with the academy include: Bi Yuan ( 畢沅, 1730 – 1797 ), Sang Tiaoyuan ( 桑调元, 1695 – 1771 ), Shen Qiyuan ( 沈起元, 1685 – 1763 ), He Shaoji ( 何紹基, 1799 – 1873 ), Kuang Yuan ( 匡源, 1815 – 1881 ), Wang Zhihan ( 王之翰, 1821 – 1850 ), Liu Yaochun ( 刘耀春 ), Zhu Xuedu ( 朱学笃, 1826 — 1892 ), and Miao Quansun ( 缪荃孙, 1844 – 1919 ).

Further, after first asserting that the revival had occurred in 1821, when Smith was in his " fifteenth year ," Cowdery corrected the date to 1823 — Smith's 17th ( actually, 18th ) year.

* Frederick William Cumberland ( 1821 – 1881 ), engineer and politician

The US natural gas industry started in 1821 at Fredonia, Chautauqua County, New York, when William Hart dug a well to a depth of into gas-bearing shale, then drilled a borehole further, and piped the natural gas to a nearby inn where it was burned for illumination.

The island's first known sighting by Europeans was on 21 August 1821 by the British ship Eliza Francis ( or Eliza Frances ) owned by Edward, Thomas and William Jarvis and commanded by Captain Brown.

* 1821 – William Poole, American gangster ( d. 1855 )

* 1821 – William Henry Vanderbilt, American businessman ( d. 1885 )

* 1821 – Princess Elizabeth of Clarence, daughter of King William IV, granddaughter of King George III ( b. 1820 )

* 1821 – William Jervois, English engineer and caption, 10th Governor of South Australia ( d. 1897 )

* William I, Elector of Hesse ( 1743 – 1821 )

William Gladstone was educated from 1816 to 1821 at a preparatory school at the vicarage of St Thomas's Church at Seaforth, close to his family's residence, Seaforth House.

In 1821 William followed in the footsteps of his older brothers and attended Eton College before matriculating in 1828 at Christ Church, Oxford, where he read Classics and Mathematics, although he had no great interest in mathematics.

* December 8 – William Henry Vanderbilt, American entrepreneur ( b. 1821 )

* December 11 – William Milligan, Scottish theologian ( b. 1821 )

* March 8 – William Poole, infamous member of New York City's Bowery Boys gang ( b. 1821 )

In 1821 William Conybeare and Henry De la Beche, both members of the Geological Society of London, collaborated on a paper that analysed in detail the specimens found by Anning and others.

William Conybeare named it Plesiosaurus ( near lizard ) because he thought it more like modern reptiles than the ichthyosaur had been, and he described it in the same 1821 paper he co-authored with Henry De la Beche on ichthyosaur anatomy.

This period included a panoply of international ‘ great demographers ’ like Adolphe Quételet ( 1796 – 1874 ), William Farr ( 1807 – 1883 ), Louis-Adolphe Bertillon ( 1821 – 1883 ) and his son Jacques ( 1851 – 1922 ), Joseph Körösi ( 1844 – 1906 ), Anders Nicolas Kaier ( 1838 – 1919 ), Richard Böckh ( 1824 – 1907 ), Émile Durkheim ( 1858-1917 ), Wilhelm Lexis ( 1837 – 1914 ) and Luigi Bodio ( 1840 – 1920 ) contributed to the development of demography and to the toolkit of methods and techniques of demographic analysis.

The first white settler in the area that would become Montgomery County was William Offield, earlier of Tennessee, who arrived in 1821 with his wife Jennie ( née Laughlin ) and one child and settled near the confluence of Offield Creek and Sugar Creek, about five miles ( 8 km ) southwest of Crawfordsville.

* William Irving ( New York ), ( 1766 – 1821 ), U. S. Congressman from New York

* William Thomas Mercer ( 1821 – 1879 ), British Colonial Secretary in Hong Kong, 1859 – 1868

For about 40 years William Kelly ( 1821 – 1906 ) was his chief interpreter and continued to be a staunch supporter until his own death.

During 1821 the President of the Board of Trade, William Huskisson, composed a Commons Committee report which recommended a return to the " practically free " trade of the pre-1815 years.

Its most notable member was the classicist William Kelly ( 1821 – 1906 ).

* William Smith ( congressman ), member of the U. S. House of Representatives from Virginia ( 1821 – 1827 )

* William Durkee Williamson ( 1779 – 1846 ) a governor of Maine ( 1821 ) was born in town.

In 1821, William and Jennie Offield had built a cabin on a little creek, later to be known as Offield Creek, four miles southwest of the future site of Crawfordsville.