The family factory produced armaments for the Crimean War ( 1853 – 1856 ); but, had difficulty switching back to regular domestic production when the fighting ended and they filed for bankruptcy.

* 1766 – Wilhelm von Kobell, German painter and printmaker ( d. 1853 )

* 1788 – Leopold Gmelin, German chemist ( d. 1853 )

In 1853, he married Jane Sym ( 1825 – 1893 ).

* 1853 – The first passenger rail opens in India, from Bori Bunder, Bombay to Thane.

For a time he took into his family the young student Antoine-Frédéric Ozanam ( 1813 – 1853 ), one of the founders of the Conference of Charity, later known as the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul.

* 1853 – Aleksei Brusilov, Russian general ( d. 1926 )

* 1776 – Thomas Bladen Capel English navy admiral ( d. 1853 )

* 1853 – Vladimir Shukhov, Russian engineer and architect ( d. 1939 )

* 1777 – Hyacinth, Chuvash founder of Sinology ( d. 1853 )

* John Cramp, 1851 – 1853 ( and 1856 – 1869 )

* Edmund Crawley, 1853 – 1856

* 1853 – Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, ( d. 1884 )

* C. I. Hamilton, " Selections from the Phinn Committee of Inquiry of October – November 1853 into the State of the Office of Secretary to the Admiralty, in The Naval Miscellany, volume V, edited by N. A. M. Rodger, ( London: Navy Records Society, London, 1984 ).

After a few presidents of the Provisional Junta, there were again consuls of the republic, 14 March 1841 – 13 March 1844 ( ruling jointly, but occasionally styled " first consul ", " second consul "): Carlos Antonio López Ynsfrán ( b. 1792 – d. 1862 ) + Mariano Roque Alonzo Romero ( d. 1853 ) ( the lasts of the aforementioned juntistas, Commandant-General of the Army )

His father, Henry Churchill de Mille ( 1853 – 1893 ), was a North Carolina-born dramatist and lay reader in the Episcopal Church, who had earlier begun a career as a playwright, writing his first play at age 15.

** Maria II ( 1826 – 1853 )

Christian Andreas Doppler () ( 29 November 1803 – 17 March 1853 ) was an Austrian mathematician and physicist.

* Christian Doppler ( 1803 – 1853 ).

* 1853 – Haraprasad Shastri, Indian scholar and historian ( d. 1931 )

* 1853 – René Bazin, French novelist ( d. 1932 )

* 1853 – Gadsden Purchase: The United States buys land from Mexico to facilitate railroad building in the Southwest.

* 1853 – André Messager, French composer ( d. 1929 )

* Opening of Japan by Commodore Matthew C. Perry and his Black Ships ( 1853 – 54 )

Opening on July 14, 1853 with newly-sworn President Franklin Pierce in attendance, the fair is seen by over 1. 1 million visitors before it closes on Nov. 14, 1854.

As a Lieutenant, he served in Vandalia in Commodore Matthew C. Perry ’ s Opening of Japan from 1853 to 1855.

By 1853, the new partnership announced the precision vernier caliper as the first fruit of their joint efforts.

The term bunyip aristocracy was first coined in 1853 to describe Australians aspiring to be aristocrats.

In 1853, Pope Cyril IV established the first modern Coptic schools, including the first Egyptian school for girls.

It was the only painting he ever dated, and was the first work to garner him official recognition, a second-class medal at the 1853 salon.

However, the similarity of Brahms's music to that of late Beethoven had first been noted as early as November 1853, in a letter from Albert Dietrich to Ernst Naumann.

However in the 19th century the river supported a substantial commercial trade using shallow-draft paddle steamers, the first trips being made by two boats from South Australia on the spring flood of 1853.

* 1853 – Emilie Kempin-Spyri, first woman in Switzerland to graduate with a law degree ( d. 1901 )

Isaac I. Stevens, the first governor of Washington Territory, wrote about Mount Baker in 1853:

* 1853 – Helen Magill White, first American woman to earn a PhD ( d. 1944 )

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

There followed the second and third of the three major operas of Verdi's " middle period ": in 1853 Il Trovatore was produced in Rome and La traviata in Venice.

A major undertaking was the Apotheosis of Napoleon I, painted in 1853 for the ceiling of a hall in the Hôtel de Ville, Paris, and destroyed by fire in the Commune of 1871.

At the age of sixteen, Saint-Saëns wrote his first symphony ; his second, published as Symphony No. 1 in E-flat major, was performed in 1853 to the astonishment of many critics and fellow composers.

From 1851 to 1853, under the direction of Gilbert Scott, George Place, a Nottingham architect, worked on the church as lead architect, a major period of restoration occurred.

In the year 1853 Peter Peterson Haslerud purchased and platted the village site of Peterson and was the major force behind its early growth and development.

During 1853 – 54 he worked on a major orchestral piece, the Triumphal Symphony, composed to commemorate the wedding of Emperor Franz Joseph.

Dissatisfied with his first large-scale orchestral work, the D major Overture of 1848, Smetana studied passages from Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Weber and Berlioz before producing his Triumphal Symphony of 1853.

( The Independent Irish Party, formed in June 1852, disintegrated within four years, but it was in major decline from 1853 when tenants benefited from a recovery in agricultural prices.

He was promoted to major in 1845, and to colonel in 1853.

It is characterized by major events occurring between 1853 and 1867 during which Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy known as sakoku and transitioned from a feudal shogunate to the Meiji government.

It was founded in 1853 by Theodor Mommsen and is the first and major organization aiming at a comprehensive survey.

Elihu Thomson ( March 29, 1853 – March 13, 1937 ) was an English engineer and inventor who was instrumental in the founding of major electrical companies in the United States, the United Kingdom and France.

The first major U. S. railroad bridge disaster occurred in Norwalk in 1853 when a train plunged into the Norwalk River.

The couple donated the collection two years before a major exhibition of the collection was mounted at LACMA ; the display included photos of and by artistic photographers ranging from chemist Alphonse Poitevin in 1853 to Robert Mapplethorpe in 1988.

Lord Douro became an ensign in the 81st Regiment of Foot in 1823 and in the 71st ( Highland ) Regiment of Foot in 1825, a cornet in the Royal Horse Guards in 1825, a lieutenant in the Royal Horse Guards in 1827, a captain in the Royal Horse Guards and in the King's Royal Rifle Corps in 1828, a major in the King's Royal Rifle Corps in 1830 and in the Rifle Brigade in 1831, a lieutenant-colonel in the Rifle Brigade in 1834, a brevet colonel in the Rifle Brigade in 1846, a lieutenant-colonel in the Victoria ( Middlesex ) Rifle Volunteer Corps in 1853 and a major-general in the Victoria ( Middlesex ) Rifle Volunteer Corps in 1854.

During his reign there was much internal turmoil as a result of Japan's first major contact with the United States, which occurred under Commodore Perry in 1853 and 1854, and of the subsequent " re-opening " of Japan to western nations.

A major late work, The Tepidarium ( 1853, in the Musée d ' Orsay ), depicts a large group of women drying themselves after bathing, in an architectural setting inspired by the artist's trip in 1840 to Pompeii.

Therefore, it was " between those two dates ," 1853 and 1861, that the Pilgrim arrived at Irkutsk and found a spiritual father, two of the major events in the Pilgrim's narrative.

Alfred Beit ( 15 February 1853 – 16 July 1906 ) was a German, British South African, Jewish gold and diamond magnate, a supporter of British imperialism in Southern Africa and a major donor towards infrastructure development in central and Southern Africa, and to university education and research in several countries.

The Northern Outfall Sewer ( NOS ) is a major gravity sewer which runs from Wick Lane in Hackney to Beckton Sewage Works in east London ( east of Stratford ); most of it was designed by Joseph Bazalgette after an outbreak of cholera in 1853 and " The Big Stink " of 1858.

Robe was appointed Companion of the Order of the Bath ( CB ) in 1848, brevetted lieutenant colonel in 1847, promoted lieutenant colonel in 1853, brevetted colonel in 1854, and promoted major general in 1862.

One of the first major aqueduct projects in the United States, the Aqueduct was commissioned by Congress in 1852, and construction began in 1853 under the supervision of Montgomery C. Meigs and the US Army Corps of Engineers ( which still owns and operates the system ).

American Archives 9 vol 1837 – 1853, major compilation of documents 1774 – 1776.

In 1852, the Army promoted Haller to major and transferred him, in 1853, to Washington Territory, stationed at Fort Dalles, Oregon with U. S. 4th Infantry units.