He returned to politics to oppose the pro-slavery Kansas – Nebraska Act ( 1854 ); this law repealed the slavery-restricting Missouri Compromise ( 1820 ).

E. B. Tylor ( 2 October 1832 – 2 January 1917 ) and James George Frazer ( 1 January 1854 – 7 May 1941 ) are generally considered the antecedents to modern social anthropology in Britain.

* 1854 – Henry David Thoreau publishes Walden.

* 1854 – Charles Dickens ' Hard Times begins serialisation in his magazine, Household Words.

Arthur Aikin FGS ( 19 May 1773 – 15 April 1854 ) was an English chemist, mineralogist and scientific writer.

* George Finlay ( 1854 ), History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires from 1057 – 1453, Volume 2, William Blackwood & Sons

* 1854 – Moritz Moszkowski, Polish-German composer ( d. 1925 )

* 1773 – Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, French statesman ( d. 1854 )

* 1929 – Aletta Jacobs, Dutch physician ( b. 1854 )

* 1854 – The Hinomaru is established as the official flag to be flown from Japanese ships.

* 1854 – William Stang, German prelate and Bishop ( d. 1907 )

* Jean-Baptiste Muard ( 1809 – 1854 )

In 1846 Robert Smirke was replaced as the Museum's architect by his brother Sydney Smirke, whose major addition was the Round Reading Room 1854 – 1857 ; at in diameter it was then the second widest dome in the world, the Pantheon in Rome being slightly wider.

Layard's work was continued by his assistant, Hormuzd Rassam and in 1852 – 1854 he went on to discover the North Palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh with many magnificent reliefs, including the famous Royal Lion Hunt scenes.

#* Zénaïde Laetitia Julie Bonaparte ( 1801 – 1854 )

#** Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte ( 1803 – 1857 ), ornithologist and politician married Princess Zénaïde Bonaparte ( 1801 – 1854 )

The " Orange " in Orange Free State ( 1854 – 1902 ) was named after the Protestant House of Orange in the Netherlands.

* Oscar Wilde ( 1854 – 1900 ), author and playwright ( educated in Portora Royal School )

* Pope Cyril IV of Alexandria reigned 1854 – 1861

C. D. Yonge, London, H. G. Bohn, 1854 – 1890 ):

One of the major contributions to fighting cholera was made by the physician and pioneer medical scientist John Snow ( 1813 – 1858 ), who in 1854 found a link between cholera and contaminated drinking water.

* 1854 – In his Apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Virgin Mary was born free of original sin.

* 1854 – Eureka Stockade: In what is claimed by many to be the birth of Australian democracy, more than 20 gold miners at Ballarat, Victoria, Australia are killed by state troopers in an uprising over mining licences.

Similar treaties were subsequently negotiated by the United Kingdom ( Anglo-Japanese Friendship Treaty, October 1854 ), the Russians ( Treaty of Shimoda, 7 February 1855 ), and the French ( Treaty of Amity and Commerce between France and Japan, 9 October 1858 ).

* 1854 – The Republican Party of the United States is organized in Ripon, Wisconsin.

* 1854 – The first class of the United States Naval Academy students graduate.

* 1854 – In Jackson, Michigan, the first convention of the United States Republican Party is held.

The word " Kerosene " was registered as a trademark by Abraham Gesner in 1854, and for several years, only the North American Gas Light Company and the Downer Company ( to which Gesner had granted the right ) were allowed to call their lamp oil " Kerosene " in the United States.

Forcing Slavery Down the Throat of a FreesoilerAn 1854 cartoon depicts a giant Free Soil Party | free soiler being held down by James Buchanan and Lewis Cass standing on the Democratic Party ( United States ) | Democratic platform marked " Kansas ", " Cuba " and " Central America " ( referring to accusations that southerners wanted to annex areas in Latin America to expand slavery ).

In 1854, the United Kingdom government appointed Robert FitzRoy to the new office of Meteorological Statist to the Board of Trade with the role of gathering weather observations at sea.

FitzRoy's office became the United Kingdom Meteorological Office in 1854, the first national meteorological service in the world.

* 1854 – Crimean War: The United Kingdom declares war on Russia.

Among its accomplishments, the United Province of Canada negotiated the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 with the United States, built the Grand Trunk Railway, improved the educational system in Canada West under Egerton Ryerson, reinstated French as an official language of the legislature and the courts, codified the Civil Code of Lower Canada in 1866, and abolished the seigneurial system in Canada East.

Thomas Riley Marshall ( March 14, 1854 – June 1, 1925 ) was an American Democratic politician who served as the 28th Vice President of the United States ( 1913 – 1921 ) under Woodrow Wilson.

; 1854: Crimean War: The United Kingdom declares war on Russia.

* Crimean war ( 1854 – 56 ) fought between Imperial Russia and an alliance consisting of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Second French Empire, the Kingdom of Sardinia and the Ottoman Empire.

** Thomas R. Marshall, Vice President of the United States ( b. 1854 )

Stockholm is a village in Pepin County, Wisconsin, United States, founded in 1854 by immigrants from Karlskoga, Sweden.

Beginning with the Cleveland Press, publisher E. W. Scripps ( 1854 – 1926 ) created the first chain of newspapers in the United States.

He was appointed United States District Attorney for Delaware from 1853 until 1854 and then practiced law in Philadelphia with his friend, William Shippen, from 1854 until 1858, before returning permanently to his father ’ s practice in Wilmington.

In 1854, he was elected a Republican to the United States House of Representatives for Ohio's thirteenth district where he was the Republican candidate for Speaker in the long contest of 1859 – 60 and served as chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means from 1860 to 1861.

* In 1854, Steinway attended its first exhibition in the United States, which was the Metropolitan Mechanics Institute fair in Washington, D. C. Henry Steinway, Jr .' s design won 1st Prize.

* John Adams, ( 1778 – 1854 ), born in Oak Hill, United States Congressman

The architect of the Second Bank of the United States was William Strickland ( 1788 – 1854 ), a former student of Benjamin Latrobe ( 1764 – 1820 ), the man who is often called the first professionally-trained American architect.

Category: 1854 establishments in the United States