He returned to politics to oppose the pro-slavery Kansas – Nebraska Act ( 1854 ); this law repealed the slavery-restricting Missouri Compromise ( 1820 ).

E. B. Tylor ( 2 October 1832 – 2 January 1917 ) and James George Frazer ( 1 January 1854 – 7 May 1941 ) are generally considered the antecedents to modern social anthropology in Britain.

* 1854 – Henry David Thoreau publishes Walden.

* 1854 – Charles Dickens ' Hard Times begins serialisation in his magazine, Household Words.

Arthur Aikin FGS ( 19 May 1773 – 15 April 1854 ) was an English chemist, mineralogist and scientific writer.

* George Finlay ( 1854 ), History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires from 1057 – 1453, Volume 2, William Blackwood & Sons

* 1854 – Moritz Moszkowski, Polish-German composer ( d. 1925 )

* 1773 – Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, French statesman ( d. 1854 )

* 1929 – Aletta Jacobs, Dutch physician ( b. 1854 )

* 1854 – The Hinomaru is established as the official flag to be flown from Japanese ships.

* 1854 – William Stang, German prelate and Bishop ( d. 1907 )

* Jean-Baptiste Muard ( 1809 – 1854 )

In 1846 Robert Smirke was replaced as the Museum's architect by his brother Sydney Smirke, whose major addition was the Round Reading Room 1854 – 1857 ; at in diameter it was then the second widest dome in the world, the Pantheon in Rome being slightly wider.

Layard's work was continued by his assistant, Hormuzd Rassam and in 1852 – 1854 he went on to discover the North Palace of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh with many magnificent reliefs, including the famous Royal Lion Hunt scenes.

#* Zénaïde Laetitia Julie Bonaparte ( 1801 – 1854 )

#** Charles Lucien Jules Laurent Bonaparte ( 1803 – 1857 ), ornithologist and politician married Princess Zénaïde Bonaparte ( 1801 – 1854 )

The " Orange " in Orange Free State ( 1854 – 1902 ) was named after the Protestant House of Orange in the Netherlands.

* Oscar Wilde ( 1854 – 1900 ), author and playwright ( educated in Portora Royal School )

* Pope Cyril IV of Alexandria reigned 1854 – 1861

C. D. Yonge, London, H. G. Bohn, 1854 – 1890 ):

One of the major contributions to fighting cholera was made by the physician and pioneer medical scientist John Snow ( 1813 – 1858 ), who in 1854 found a link between cholera and contaminated drinking water.

* 1854 – In his Apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Virgin Mary was born free of original sin.

* 1854 – Eureka Stockade: In what is claimed by many to be the birth of Australian democracy, more than 20 gold miners at Ballarat, Victoria, Australia are killed by state troopers in an uprising over mining licences.

The industrialisation of the watch industry started 1854 also in Waltham, Massachusetts, at the Waltham Watch Company, with the development of machine tools, tools, gauges and assembling methods adapted to the micro precision required for watches.

The Boston Police Department was formally founded in May 1854, at which point both the night watch and Day Police were disbanded.

In 1854 and 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtained a concession from Sa ' id Pasha, the Khedive of Egypt and Sudan, to create a company to construct a canal open to ships of all nations.

During this golden era of Galveston's history, the city was home to a number of state firsts that include among others the first post office ( 1836 ), the first naval base ( 1836 ), the first Texas chapter of a Masonic order ( 1840 ); the first cotton compress ( 1842 ), the first parochial school ( Ursuline Academy ) ( 1847 ), the first insurance company ( 1854 ), the first gas lights ( 1856 ), the first opera house ( 1870 ), the first orphanage ( 1876 ), the first telephone ( 1878 ) and the first electric lights ( 1883 ).

Porro prism binoculars are named after Italian optician Ignazio Porro who patented this image erecting system in 1854 and later refined by makers like the Carl Zeiss company in the 1890s.

Having surveyed the area in 1854 for a railroad company, John Pope returned in 1855 to start a camp in northwestern Loving County and establish artesian wells in the area, but the venture was unsuccessful and was abandoned in 1861.

In 1854 the building was bought by a private company, dismantled and re-erected in Sydenham Park ( Now called Crystal Palace Park ).

Defense against Indian raids and the crimes of bandit gangs like that of Juan Flores and Pancho Daniel led to the formation of a local militia company called the Monte Rangers in February 1854.

Elsewhere, Bouch ’ s forte was cheapness, and an ability to construct branch lines at a capital cost that might allow them to pay their way, especially if operated frugally ( In 1854 Bouch advised the directors of the Peebles Railway that the company should work the line themselves, as they could do so much more economically than a large undertaking ).

He held this position from 1854 to 1862 and was chairman of the company from 1864 to 1894.

It was not until 1854 that the company finally agreed to a lease from the Aire and Calder, by which time traffic was falling rapidly.

After serving an apprenticeship to a blacksmith, he became involved in the Westmoreland Coal Company, serving as the first president of the company in 1854.

The company took over the princely states of Satara ( 1848 ), Jaipur and Sambalpur ( 1849 ), Nagpur and Jhansi ( 1854 ), Tanjore and Arcot ( 1855 ) and Awadh ( Oudh )( 1856 ) and Udaipur using this doctrine.

These were enlarged in 1854 after the Brighton company entered into an agreement with the London Chatham and Dover Railway to handle its goods traffic at the Depot.

In 1854, miners attempted to bring a case against the mining company, with many of those who presented evidence at the 1851 inquest involved in the action.

The company is the current day successor to the Waterbury Clock Company, founded in 1854 in nearby Waterbury, Connecticut.

This account can be corroborated by other references, for example, a traveler in Cuba noted in 1854 that black Cubans " do a kind of wreath dance, in which the whole company took part, amid innumerable artistic entanglements and disentanglements ".

From 1854, the company started to pay a dividend to its shareholders of 0. 2 %.

In 1854 the portage railroad was rendered obsolete by construction of a locomotive railroad over the Alleghenies by the Pennsylvania Railroad, a private company.

In 1854 it became a mutual life assurance company.

In 1854 he set out for Salt Lake City but arrived at Council Bluffs, Iowa ten days too late to join the last company west.

In October 1854 the company moved into the new factory.

In 1854, the company moved to a new factory in Waltham, Massachusetts, and took the name of the Boston Watch Company.

Faidherbe's actions were not of his own creation, but were an implementation of " The Plan of 1854 ": a series of ministerial orders given to Governor Protet that originated in petitions from the powerful Bourdeaux-based Maurel and Prom company, the largest shipping interest in St. Louis.

The company was established in 1854.

This resulted in the launching of the clipper Kosmopoliet ( 800 tons ) for the company in 1854.