In 1857 – 58, Douglas broke with President James Buchanan, leading to a fight for control of the Democratic Party.

In 1857, the Austrian scholar Anton Boller suggested adding Japanese to Altaic or more precisely to Ural – Altaic.

* 1770 – David Thompson, Canadian explorer ( d. 1857 )

* 1857 – Eugen Bleuler, Swiss psychiatrist ( d. 1940 )

* 1857 – Manuel de Escandón, Mexican polo player ( d. 1940 )

* 1857 – Eugène Sue, French novelist ( b. 1804 )

* 1924 – Joseph Conrad, Polish-English writer ( b. 1857 )

* 1929 – Thorstein Veblen, American economist and sociologist ( b. 1857 )

* 1857 – Cécile Chaminade, French pianist and composer ( d. 1944 )

* 1857 – Max Wagenknecht, German composer ( d. 1922 )

* 1857 – Albert Ballin, German businessman ( d. 1918 )

* 1789 – Augustin-Louis Cauchy, French mathematician ( d. 1857 )

* Alexander of Bulgaria ( 1857 – 1893 ), first prince of Bulgaria

* Alexander of Bulgaria ( 1857 – 1893 ), Prince of Bulgaria

* 1857 – The Panic of 1857 begins, setting off one of the most severe economic crises in United States history.

Alfonso XII ( born Alfonso Francisco de Asís Fernando Pío Juan María de la Concepción Gregorio Pelayo ) ( Madrid, 28 November 1857 – El Pardo, 25 November 1885 ) was King of Spain, reigning from 1874 to 1885, after a coup d ' état restored the monarchy and ended the ephemeral First Spanish Republic.

* Alfonso XII of Spain-( 1857 – 1885 ) ( ordinal numbering continues from the kings of Castile )

* 1857 – Sandford Schultz, English cricketer ( d. 1937 )

* 1857 – " The Spirits Book " by Allan Kardec is published, marking the birth of Spiritualism in France.

* 1857 – Clarence Darrow, American attorney ( d. 1938 )

* 1857 – Alexander Shirvanzade, Armenian playwright and novelist ( d. 1935 )

* 1857 – Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom ( d. 1944 )

* 1936 – Karl Pearson, English mathematician ( b. 1857 )

* 1776 – Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh ( d. 1857 )

Five attempts to lay the cable were made over a nine-year period – one in 1857, two in 1858, one in 1865, and one in 1866 – before lasting connections were finally achieved with the 1866 cable and the repaired 1865 cable by Isambard Kingdom Brunel's ship the SS Great Eastern, captained by Sir James Anderson.

In 1857 the screw engines for the steamship SS Great Eastern were built at the foundry.

Her father was a naval officer who gained national renown in 1857 when he went down with his ship, the mail steamer SS Central America, along with more than 400 passengers and crew.

The mail paddle steamer SS The Violet was driven onto the sands during a storm on 5 January 1857 with the loss of seventeen crew, a mail guard, and one passenger.

It is believed that it may have been SS Wks No 1016 of 1857, ex Furness Railway No 11.

It was erected in memory of Captain William Lewis Herndon who courageously decided to go down with his ship, SS Central America, and the men left aboard rather than save himself on September 12, 1857.

* ( Central America Hurricane of 1857: see ) SS Central America ( Ship of Gold )

Honduras and other Central American countries united to drive him out of Nicaragua in 1857, after which a period of three decades of Conservative rule ensued.

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

* 1857: Birth of the Lyons Central School for Industry and Commerce, on the initiative of Desire GIRARDON, a professor at La Martiniere School, an institution for the teaching of Advanced Industrial Science and based primarily on the methods of La Martiniere school.

McClellan resigned his commission January 16, 1857, and, capitalizing on his experience with railroad assessment, became chief engineer and vice president of the Illinois Central Railroad and also president of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad in 1860.

He performed well in both jobs, expanding the Illinois Central toward New Orleans and helping the Ohio and Mississippi recover from the Panic of 1857.

The Masonic College, also built in the Greek Revival style, operated from 1847 to 1857, and after the Civil War, it housed the Central College for Women.

In 1857, Frederick Olmsted, landscape architect of New York's Central Park, toured Seguin and described the Concrete City as " the prettiest town in Texas.

It was eliminated in 1857 after the establishment of Central Park, and the name shifted to the junction of Broadway, West End Avenue, and 106th Street, now Straus Park.

Barth wrote and published accounts of his travels simultaneously in English and German, under the title Reisen und Entdeckungen in Nord-und Zentralafrika ( Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa ; 1857 – 1858, 5 vols., approx.

From 1852 to 1857 he traveled through South and Central America and later returned for further exploration in the Far West.

It had a publishing house ( 1834 ) and Bonebrake Theological Seminary ( 1871 ) at Dayton, Ohio ; and supported Otterbein University ( 1847 ) at Westerville, Ohio ; Westfield College ( 1865 ) at Westfield, Illinois ; Leander Clark College ( 1857 ) at Toledo, Iowa ; York College ( 1890 ) at York, Nebraska ; Philomath College ( 1867 ) at Philomath, Oregon ; Lebanon Valley College ( 1867 ) at Annville, Pennsylvania ; Campbell College ( 1864 ) at Holton, Kansas, and Indiana Central College ( later Indiana Central University and now the University of Indianapolis ) ( 1907 ) at Indianapolis, Indiana.

In the 19th century European encroachment on the Muslim world came with the retreat of the Ottoman Empire, the arrival of the French in Algeria ( 1830 ), the disappearance of the Moghul Empire in India ( 1857 ), the Russian incursions into the Caucasus ( 1857 ) and Central Asia.

" Walker became president of the Republic of Nicaragua in 1856 and ruled until 1857, when he was defeated by a coalition of Central American armies.

On May 1, 1857, Walker surrendered to Commander Charles Henry Davis of the United States Navy under the pressure of the Central American armies, and was repatriated.

On 10 May 2007, in the presence of numerous political and diplomatic luminaries at an event held in the Central Hall of the Parliament of India, Jagjit Singh rendered Bahadur Shah Zafar's famous ghazal Lagta nahin hai dil mera to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

Van Horne began working on railroads in 1857, serving in various capacities on the Michigan Central Railway until 1864, then for the Chicago and Alton Railway for whom he served as the general superintendent from 1878-1879.

The North-Western Provinces included the Delhi and Gurgaon territories, transferred later, after the Revolt of 1857 to the Punjab ; and also ( after 1853 ) the Saugor and Nerbudda Territories, which in 1861 became part of the Central Provinces.

In 1857, a party of Chinese miners en route to the Central Victorian gold fields struck gold at the Canton Lead which marked the beginning of great growth in Ararat.

Langenthal ’ s location on the road from Bern to Zurich ( completed in 1760 ) and on the Swiss Central Railway line ( inaugurated in 1857 ) spurred industrial development, led by textiles and machines.