The 1858 senate campaign featured the seven Lincoln – Douglas debates of 1858, the most famous political debates in American history.

* 1858 – Giuseppe Peano, Italian mathematician ( d. 1932 )

* 1858 – Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, ( d. 1934 )

After 1890 came philosopher Josiah Royce ( 1855 – 1916 ), botanist Liberty Hyde Bailey ( 1858 – 1954 ), the Southern Agrarians of the 1920s and 1930s, novelist John Steinbeck ( 1902 – 1968 ), historian A. Whitney Griswold ( 1906 – 1963 ), environmentalist Aldo Leopold ( 1887 – 1948 ), Ralph Borsodi ( 1886 – 1977 ), and present-day authors Wendell Berry ( b. 1934 ), Gene Logsdon ( b. 1932 ), Paul Thompson, and Allan C. Carlson ( b. 1949 ).

* 1858 – Gaston Doumergue, French politician ( d. 1937 )

* 1858 – Hans Rott, Austrian composer ( d. 1884 )

Bloch was highly interdisciplinary, influenced by the geography of Paul Vidal de la Blache ( 1845 – 1918 ) and the sociology of Émile Durkheim ( 1858 – 1917 ).

* 1858 – The Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is wound up.

* Adrian Kashchenko ( 1858 – 1921 ), Ukrainian writer, historian of Zaporozhian Cossacks

* 1858 – E. Nesbit, English author ( d. 1924 )

* 1858 – U. S. President James Buchanan inaugurates the new transatlantic telegraph cable by exchanging greetings with Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

* 1858 – Arthur Achleitner, German writer ( d. 1927 )

* 1858 – Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria ( d. 1889 )

* Alexander Karađorđević, Prince of Serbia ( 1842 – 1858 )

* 1858 – The Round Oak rail accident occurs in Brierley Hill in the Black Country, England.

* 1858 – Cyrus West Field and others complete the first transatlantic telegraph cable after several unsuccessful attempts.

* 1858 – The Eiger in the Bernese Alps is ascended for the first time by Charles Barrington accompanied by Christian Almer and Peter Bohren.

* 1930 – Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician and pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( b. 1858 )

* November 5 – Christiaan Eijkman, Dutch physician and pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( b. 1858 )

* Christiaan Eijkman, ( 1858 – 1930 ), physician & pathologist Prize 1929

Christiaan Eijkman (; 11 August 1858 – 5 November 1930 ) was a Dutch physician and professor of physiology whose demonstration that beriberi is caused by poor diet led to the discovery of vitamins.

Christiaan Eijkman was born on 11 August 1858, at Nijkerk, Netherlands as the seventh child of Christiaan Eijkman, the headmaster of a local school, and Johanna Alida Pool.

* A. M. Luyendijk-Elshout, Eijkman, Christiaan ( 1858 – 1930 ), in Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland.

* Biography of Christiaan Eijkman ( 1858 – 1930 ) at the National Library of the Netherlands

* 1858 – Neel Doff, Dutch author ( d. 1942 )

* 1778 – Coenraad Jacob Temminck, Dutch zoologist ( d. 1858 )

** Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Dutch Queen and regent ( b. 1858 )

* Jan Toorop ( 1858 – 1928 ) Dutch

The example of Great Britain was then followed by the following countries in abolishing slavery within their dominions: in 1848 the slaves in all France's colonies were immediately emancipated ; in 1853 the Dutch commenced emancipation of slaves within their possessions ; in 1858 it was enacted that every slave belonging to a Portuguese subject should be freed within 20 years and, from 29 April 1878, slavery became illegal throughout Portuguese possessions ; the government of Buenos Aires enacted that all children of slaves after the 31 January 1813 should be free ; in Columbia those born after 16 July 1821 were to be liberated upon attaining 18 and Mexico ended slavery on 15 September 1829.

Jean Theodoor Toorop ( 20 December 1858 – 3 March 1928 ), better known as Jan Toorop, was an Indo ( Javanese Dutch ) painter, whose works straddle the space between the Symbolist painters and Art Nouveau.

Jean Theodoor Toorop was born on 20 December 1858 in Purworejo, Java, Dutch East Indies.

More extensive tables were compiled in 1858 by the Dutch mathematician David de Bierens de Haan.

Gerard Leonard Frederik Philips ( 9 October 1858, in Zaltbommel – 26 January 1942, in The Hague, Netherlands ) was a Dutch industrialist, co-founder ( with his father Frederik Philips ) of the Philips Company as a family business in 1891.

In 1858, he was appointed official Dutch teacher of his family's domain, Nakatsu, and was sent to Edo to teach the family's vassals there.

Marie Eugène François Thomas Dubois ( 28 January 1858 – 16 December 1940 ) was a Dutch paleoanthropologist and geologist.

* December 16-Eugène Dubois ( born 1858 ), Dutch paleoanthropologist.

Keio traces its history to 1858 when Fukuzawa Yukichi, who had studied the Western educational system at Brown University in the United States, started to teach Dutch while he was a guest of the Okudaira family.

Coenraad Jacob Temminck ( 31 March 1778 – 30 January 1858 ) was a Dutch aristocrat and zoologist.

In 1858 the Dutch, apparently concerned over the risk of competition for control from other foreign powers, invaded Jambi with a force from their capital Batavia.

He was the son of Baron Aeneas Mackay ( 1806 – 1876 ) ( a Dutch politician who had been created Baron Mackay in the Netherlands in 1858 ), son of Johan Francois Hendrik Jakob Ernestus Mackay, brother of the tenth Lord Reay.

The history of the Surinamese Chinese dates back to 1858 under Dutch colonial rule, making it one of the oldest Chinese communities in South America.

* Dirk Fock ( 1858 – 1941 ), a Dutch politician

Ary Scheffer ( 10 February 1795 – 15 June 1858 ), French painter of Dutch and German extraction, was born in Dordrecht.

After the Portuguese, the Dutch East India Company ( 1663 – 1795 ) followed by the English East India Company ( 1795 – 1858, confirmed on 6 May 1809 ), protectorated the Cochin state.

Anthonie ( Antoon ) Cornelis Oudemans Jzn ( November 12, 1858, Batavia – January 14, 1943, Arnhem ) was a Dutch zoologist.