Abraham Lincoln ( February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 ) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

President Lincoln ( center right ) with, from left, Generals Sherman, Grant and Admiral Porter – 1868 painting of events aboard the River Queen ( steamboat ) | River Queen in March, 1865

The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861 – 1865.

* Weigley, Russell F. A Great Civil War: A Military and Political History, 1861 – 1865.

The American Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ), in the United States often referred to as simply the Civil War and sometimes called the " War Between the States ", was a civil war fought over the secession of the Confederate States.

* 1865 – American Civil War: The Battle of Sayler's Creek – Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia fights its last major battle while in retreat from Richmond, Virginia.

* 1865 – American Civil War: Mobile, Alabama, falls to the Union Army.

* 1865 – Abraham Lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by actor John Wilkes Booth.

* 1865 – Max Nettlau, German anarchist and historian ( d. 1944 )

* 1865 – James Henry Breasted, American archaeologist and historian ( d. 1935 )

* 1865 – Charles G. Dawes, American general and politician, 30th Vice President of the United States, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1951 )

* 1865 – Irving Babbitt, American critic and academic ( d. 1933 )

* 1865 – John Radecki, Australian artist ( d. 1955 )

* 1865 – American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks –

* 1865 – Giuditta Pasta, Italian soprano ( b. 1797 )

* 1803 – Joseph Paxton, English gardener and architect, designed The Crystal Palace ( d. 1865 )

* 1865 – American Civil War: Confederate General Joseph E. Johnston surrenders his army to General William Tecumseh Sherman at the Bennett Place near Durham, North Carolina.

* 1865 – Union cavalry troopers corner and shoot dead John Wilkes Booth, assassin of President Lincoln, in Virginia.

* 1865 – Henry George Chauvel, Australian general ( d. 1945 )

This became poignantly true during the most serious test of American cohesion in the U. S. Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ).

* 1865 – Mikao Usui, Japanese spiritual leader ( d. 1926 )

* 1952 – Guido Castelnuovo, Italian mathematician ( b. 1865 )

Guido Castelnuovo ( 14 August 1865 – 27 April 1952 ) was an Italian mathematician.

Historians identify several waves of migration to the United States: one from 1815 – 1860, in which some five million English, Irish, Germanic, Scandinavian, and others from northwestern Europe came to the United States ; one from 1865 – 1890, in which some 10 million immigrants, also mainly from northwestern Europe, settled, and a third from 1890 – 1914, in which 15 million immigrants, mainly from central, eastern, and southern Europe ( many Austrian, Hungarian, Turkish, Lithuanian, Russian, Jewish, Greek, Italian, and Romanian ) settled in the United States.

She also was a great-grandniece of Giovanni Schiaparelli, an Italian astronomer who believed he had discovered the supposed canals of Mars, and a great-grandniece of art expert Bernard Berenson ( 1865 – 1959 ) and his sister Senda Berenson ( 1868 – 1954 ), an athlete and educator who was one of the first two women elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame.

* 1797 – Giuditta Pasta, Italian soprano ( d. 1865 )

* August 16 – Luigi Ciacchi, Italian cardinal ( d. 1865 )

The seat of government was moved in 1865 from Turin, the old Sardinian capital, to Florence, where the first Italian parliament was summoned.

The Soulages collection of Italian and French Renaissance objects was acquired between 1859 and 1865, and includes several cassone.

Only three days after Whymper's ascent, the mountain was ascended from the Italian side via an indirect route by Jean-Antoine Carrel and Jean-Baptiste Bich on July 17, 1865.

In the decisive year 1865, Whymper returned with new plans, deciding to attack the Matterhorn via its south face instead of the Italian ridge.

Piedmont would become the most dominant and wealthiest region in Italy and the capital of Piedmont, Turin, would remain the Italian capital until 1865 when the capital was moved to Florence ; but in contrast, many revolts exploded through the peninsula, especially in Southern Italy.

Their attempt by what is now the normal route, the Hörnli ridge, met with success on 14 July 1865, only days before an Italian party.

From 1865 until 1876 he was deputy for Monza in the Parliament of Italy, being elected subsequently to the Italian Senate.

Felice Romani ( January 31, 1788January 28, 1865 ) was an Italian poet and scholar of literature and mythology who wrote many librettos for the opera composers Donizetti and Bellini.

In 1860 part I was translated into English by Robert Main, the Radcliffe observer at Oxford ; Bronnow himself published an English version in 1865 ; it reached in the original a fifth edition in 1881, and was also translated into French, Russian, Italian and Spanish.

Manfredo Fanti ( February 26, 1806 – April 5, 1865 ) was an Italian general.

By means of the grist tax ( which he had proposed in 1865, but which the Menabrea cabinet had passed in 1868 ), and by other fiscal expedients necessitated by the almost desperate condition of the national exchequer, he succeeded, before his fall from power in 1873, in placing Italian finance upon a sound footing, in spite of fierce attacks and persistent misrepresentation.

He was elected to Italian Parliament in November 1865 and fought against the Austrians in 1866.

* CORRADINI, Enrico ( 1865 – 1931 ) Italian Nationalist Association founder.

" Italian Library ") entitled " Mente di Gian Domenico Romagnosi " ( 1835 ), and a complete edition of the works of Vico, prefaced by an appreciation ( 1865 ).

The Bargello opened as a national museum ( Museo Nazionale del Bargello ) in 1865, displaying the largest Italian collection of gothic and Renaissance sculptures ( 14 – 17th century ).

She also is a great-grandniece of Giovanni Schiaparelli, an Italian astronomer who believed he had discovered the supposed canals of Mars, and a great-grandniece of art expert Bernard Berenson ( 1865 – 1959 ) and his sister Senda Berenson ( 1868 – 1954 ), an athlete and educator who was one of the first two women elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame.

* Enrico Corradini ( 1865 – 1931 ), Italian novelist, essayist, journalist, and nationalist political figure