While he was heir-apparent — 1865 to 1881 — Alexander did not play a prominent part in public affairs, but allowed it to become known that he had ideas which did not coincide with the principles of the existing government.

From 1865 to 1884 — except for a brief interval — he was a surgeon at the Pennsylvania Hospital.

* Taylor, Walter H. General Lee — His Campaigns in Virginia, 1861 – 1865.

* American Civil War fought between the remaining United States of America under President Abraham Lincoln and the self-declared Confederate States of America under President Jefferson Davis ( April 12, 1861 — April 9, 1865 ) and Vice President Alexander Stephens.

On July 4, 1865, the Union Pacific had not gone further than from Omaha — even as the Central Pacific had been working away for 2½ years.

In 1889, for his final examination at the end of his course of study, he submitted his opera Gina, with a libretto by Enrico Golisciani which was adapted from the old French play Catherine, ou La Croix d ' or by Baron Anne-Honoré-Joseph Duveyrier de Mélésville ( 1787 — 1865 ).

On 21 July 1865, having sung the role only four times, Ludwig Schnorr von Carolsfeld died suddenly — prompting speculation that the exertion involved in singing the part of Tristan had killed him.

* 1865 — Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz realized that benzene is composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms in a hexagonal ring.

This was the first in several attempts by the Union General Ulysses S. Grant to cut Robert E. Lee's final supply line — the South Side Railroad — in the spring 1865.

The war itself finally ended with the surrender of the last Confederate army — Cherokee General Stand Watie's forces, who surrendered at Fort Towson in June 1865, over two months after General Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia -- and with it any chance of Confederate success.

— Alice in Wonderland ( 1865 ).

Claude Bernard, known as the " prince of vivisectors " and the father of physiology — whose wife, Marie Françoise Martin, founded the first anti-vivisection society in France in 1883 — famously wrote in 1865 that " the science of life is a superb and dazzlingly lighted hall which may be reached only by passing through a long and ghastly kitchen ".

In 1865 Foss published Tabulæ Curiales, and the printing of his Biographia Juridica — an abbreviation of his Judges of England — was in progress when he died.

The following year, Sir Frederick Hopkins postulated that some foods contained " accessory factors "— in addition to proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and salt — that were necessary for the functions of the human body .< ref > Christiaan Eijkman, Beriberi and Vitamin B < sub > 1 </ sub >, Official Web Site of the Nobel Foundation </ ref > In 1901, Gerrit Grijns ( May 28, 1865 – November 11, 1944 ), a Dutch physician and assistant to Christiaan Eijkman in the Netherlands correctly interpreted the disease as a deficiency syndrome, and between 1910 and 1913, Dr. Edward Bright Vedder established that an extract of rice bran is a treatment for beriberi.

Louise actually gave birth to nine children — Bernadette, Jean ( born and died 1845 ), Toinette ( 1846 – 1892 ), Jean-Marie ( 1848 – 1851 ), Jean-Marie ( 1851 – 1919 ), Justin ( 1855 – 1865 ), Pierre ( 1859 – 1931 ), Jean ( born and died 1864 ), and a baby girl named Louise who died soon after her birth ( 1866 ).

For several months nothing happened — then came the capture of Wereroa Pa — the relief of the siege of Pipiriki in August, 1865 that virtually ended that phase of the Second Taranaki War.

The pool of unskilled labor was constantly growing, as unprecedented numbers of immigrants — 27. 5 million between 1865 and 1918 — entered the U. S. Most were young men eager for work.

The idea of particulate inheritance of genes can be attributed to the Moravian monk Gregor Mendel who published his work on pea plants in 1865.

This theoretical framework was initially derived from the work of Gregor Johann Mendel published in 1865 and 1866 which was re-discovered in 1900 ; it was initially very controversial.

Although Gregor Mendel had published his article on the genetics of peas in 1865, Mendel's paper was largely forgotten for more than a generation – not rediscovered by other scientists until 1899.

Written in 1865 by Gregor Mendel, Experiments on Plant Hybridization ( German: Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden ) was the result after years spent studying genetic traits in pea plants.

* 1865 – Gregor Mendel: Mendel's laws of inheritance, basis for genetics

In 1865, Gregor Mendel published a paper entitled “ Experiments in Plant Hybridization ,” in which he proposed the principles of heredity.

In breeding experiments between 1856 and 1865, Gregor Mendel first traced inheritance patterns of certain traits in pea plants and showed that they obeyed simple statistical rules.

: 1865: Gregor Mendel's paper, Experiments on Plant Hybridization

In his paper " Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden " (" Experiments on Plant Hybridization "), presented in 1865 to the Naturforschender Verein ( Society for Research in Nature ) in Brünn, Mendel traced the inheritance patterns of certain traits in pea plants and described them mathematically.

* Naphtali Keller ( January 25, 1834-August 5, 1865, Rožnava, Moravia ), Jewish scholar ; son of Israel Mendel Keller

Mendel read his paper to the Natural History Society of Brünn ( Brno ) on February 8 and March 8, 1865.

The differences between tantalum and niobium were unequivocally demonstrated in 1864 by Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand, and Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville, as well as Louis J. Troost, who determined the formulas of some of the compounds in 1865 and finally by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1866, who all proved that there were only two elements.

The differences between tantalum and niobium were demonstrated unequivocally in 1864 by Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand, and Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville, as well as by Louis J. Troost, who determined the empirical formulas of some of their compounds in 1865.

He completed Maxwell's set of equations in his later 1865 paper A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field and demonstrated the fact that light is an electromagnetic wave.

Marshall grew up in the London suburb of Clapham and was educated at the Merchant Taylors ' School and St John's College, Cambridge, where he demonstrated an aptitude in mathematics, achieving the rank of Second Wrangler in the 1865 Cambridge Mathematical Tripos.

By radically urging secessionism in the South, the Fire-Eaters demonstrated the high level of sectionalism existing in the U. S. during the 1850s, and they materially contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War ( 1861 – 1865 ).

The war had demonstrated the need to consolidate resources and connections, and the stockholders of the Southside Railroad elected Mahone as president of their road also before the end of 1865.

The war had demonstrated the need to consolidate resources and connections, and the stockholders of the South Side Railroad elected Mahone as president of their road also before the end of 1865.

This is demonstrated in the following letter written by Garibaldi to Blind on 10 April 1865:

The differences between tantalum and niobium and the fact that no other similar element was present were unequivocally demonstrated in 1864 by Christian Wilhelm Blomstrand, and Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville, as well as Louis J. Troost, who determined the formulas of some of the compounds in 1865 and finally by the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac

In 1865 he demonstrated that tuberculosis was an infectious disease.

Sturt ’ s desert pea ( Tenison-Woods, 1865 )

The work was begun in earnest late in 1877, after his work on climbing plants ( 1865 ) and insectivorous plants ( 1875 ) stimulated his interest in the subject.

Bushfires and drought caused havoc with McMillan's financial interests and despite being recognised as the discoverer of Gippsland, McMillan died without an inheritance in May 1865 on the banks of Iguana Creek while surveying what is now the Dargo Road in East Gippsland.