In 1865 the ' Rules of the Eglinton Castle and Cassiobury Croquet ' was published by Edmund Routledge.

In 1865 Robert Roberts published a collection of Scottish psalms and hymns called The Golden Harp ( which was subtitled " Psalms, Hymns, and Spiritual Songs, compiled for the use of Immersed Believers in ' The Things concerning the Kingdom of God and the Name of Jesus Christ '").

In 1865 Kekulé published a paper in French ( for he was then still in Francophone Belgium ) suggesting that the structure contained a six-membered ring of carbon atoms with alternating single and double bonds.

Major works of history were published in 1847 and 1865.

The idea of particulate inheritance of genes can be attributed to the Moravian monk Gregor Mendel who published his work on pea plants in 1865.

Typically used to refer to a living organism, the concept came from that of milieu intérieur that was created by Claude Bernard and published in 1865.

Claude Bernard aimed at establishing scientific method in medicine ; he published An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine in 1865.

* 1865 – Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is published.

This theoretical framework was initially derived from the work of Gregor Johann Mendel published in 1865 and 1866 which was re-discovered in 1900 ; it was initially very controversial.

He described these principles in a two-part paper, Experiments on Plant Hybridization, that he read to the Natural History Society of Brno on February 8 and March 8, 1865, and which was published in 1866.

This highly inventive, blackly humorous tale, told entirely in rhymed couplets, was written and illustrated by Wilhelm Busch and published in 1865.

* 1865 – Mark Twain's short story The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County is published in the New York Saturday Press.

The proprietor of the latter, Benjamin Grant, also published the St Helena Advertiser ( 1865 – 1866 ).

" old stone ," coined by archaeologist John Lubbock and published in 1865 ) is the earliest division of the Stone Age.

In 1875, Frederick Hazleton's c. 1865 dramatic adaptation Sweeney Todd, the Barber of Fleet Street: or the String of Pearls ( see below ) was published as Vol 102 of Lacy's Acting Edition of Plays.

Jules Verne, in From the Earth to the Moon, published in 1865, wrote " there will some day appear velocities far greater than these the planets and the projectile, of which light or electricity will probably be the mechanical agent ... we shall one day travel to the moon, the planets, and the stars.

* Online E-book of Arte de la Lengua Tagala y Manual Tagalog by Sebastián de Totanes published in Binondo, Manila in 1865.

; 1865: Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is published.

Between 1861 and 1865, James Clerk Maxwell developed and published Maxwell's equations which explained and united all of classical electricity and magnetism.

These texts were followed by the 1844 work, A General View of Positivism ( published in English in 1865 ).

The French adaptation of the libretto was published in 1865.

One of his first picture stories, Max and Moritz ( published in 1865 ), was an immediate success and has achieved the status of a popular classic and perennial bestseller.

Famous illustrators for British editions include: Arthur Boyd Houghton, John Tenniel, John Everett Millais and George John Pinwell for Dalziel's Illustrated Arabian Nights Entertainments, published in 1865 ; Walter Crane for Aladdin's Picture Book ( 1876 ); Albert Letchford for the 1897 edition of Burton ’ s translation ; Edmund Dulac for Stories from the Arabian Nights ( 1907 ), Princess Badoura ( 1913 ) and Sindbad the Sailor & Other Tales from the Arabian Nights ( 1914 ).

Alice was published in 1865, three years after the Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson and the Reverend Robinson Duckworth rowed in a boat, on 4 July 1862, up the Isis with the three young daughters of Henry Liddell ( the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University and Dean of Christ Church ): Lorina Charlotte Liddell ( aged 13, born 1849 ) (" Prima " in the book's prefatory verse ); Alice Pleasance Liddell ( aged 10, born 1852 ) (" Secunda " in the prefatory verse ); Edith Mary Liddell ( aged 8, born 1853 ) (" Tertia " in the prefatory verse ).

Although Gregor Mendel had published his article on the genetics of peas in 1865, Mendel's paper was largely forgotten for more than a generation – not rediscovered by other scientists until 1899.

By 1865, an initial printing of 1200 copies of his Mémoires was completed.

Pelotas is the birthplace and home of many nationally famous people, like the regional writer João Simões Lopes Neto ( 1865 – 1916 ), author of Cancioneiro Guasca ( 1910 ), Contos Gauchescos ( 1912 ) and Lendas do Sul ( 1913 ); Hipólito José da Costa, the founder of the printing press in Brazil ; the painter Leopoldo Gotuzzo, whose works have surpassed the borders of Pelotas, winning awards and expositions even in Europe ; and Antônio Caringi ( 1905 – 1981 ), an internationally-recognized sculptor.

While versions of The Sixth and Seventh Books were likely passed around German immigrant communities from the late 18th century, the 1849 Leipzig copy was followed by a New York printing, in German, in 1865, and an English translation in 1880.

The vast majority of the printed works of 1849, a New York German printing of 1865, and the first English public printing of 1880 are additions to the reputed biblical books.

While he was heir-apparent — 1865 to 1881 — Alexander did not play a prominent part in public affairs, but allowed it to become known that he had ideas which did not coincide with the principles of the existing government.

From 1865 to 1884 — except for a brief interval — he was a surgeon at the Pennsylvania Hospital.

* Taylor, Walter H. General Lee — His Campaigns in Virginia, 1861 – 1865.

* American Civil War fought between the remaining United States of America under President Abraham Lincoln and the self-declared Confederate States of America under President Jefferson Davis ( April 12, 1861 — April 9, 1865 ) and Vice President Alexander Stephens.

On July 4, 1865, the Union Pacific had not gone further than from Omaha — even as the Central Pacific had been working away for 2½ years.

In 1889, for his final examination at the end of his course of study, he submitted his opera Gina, with a libretto by Enrico Golisciani which was adapted from the old French play Catherine, ou La Croix d ' or by Baron Anne-Honoré-Joseph Duveyrier de Mélésville ( 1787 — 1865 ).

On 21 July 1865, having sung the role only four times, Ludwig Schnorr von Carolsfeld died suddenly — prompting speculation that the exertion involved in singing the part of Tristan had killed him.

* 1865 — Gregor Mendel demonstrated in pea plants that inheritance follows definite rules.

* 1865 — Friedrich August Kekulé von Stradonitz realized that benzene is composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms in a hexagonal ring.

This was the first in several attempts by the Union General Ulysses S. Grant to cut Robert E. Lee's final supply line — the South Side Railroad — in the spring 1865.

The war itself finally ended with the surrender of the last Confederate army — Cherokee General Stand Watie's forces, who surrendered at Fort Towson in June 1865, over two months after General Robert E. Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia -- and with it any chance of Confederate success.

— Alice in Wonderland ( 1865 ).

Claude Bernard, known as the " prince of vivisectors " and the father of physiology — whose wife, Marie Françoise Martin, founded the first anti-vivisection society in France in 1883 — famously wrote in 1865 that " the science of life is a superb and dazzlingly lighted hall which may be reached only by passing through a long and ghastly kitchen ".

The following year, Sir Frederick Hopkins postulated that some foods contained " accessory factors "— in addition to proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and salt — that were necessary for the functions of the human body .< ref > Christiaan Eijkman, Beriberi and Vitamin B < sub > 1 </ sub >, Official Web Site of the Nobel Foundation </ ref > In 1901, Gerrit Grijns ( May 28, 1865 – November 11, 1944 ), a Dutch physician and assistant to Christiaan Eijkman in the Netherlands correctly interpreted the disease as a deficiency syndrome, and between 1910 and 1913, Dr. Edward Bright Vedder established that an extract of rice bran is a treatment for beriberi.

Louise actually gave birth to nine children — Bernadette, Jean ( born and died 1845 ), Toinette ( 1846 – 1892 ), Jean-Marie ( 1848 – 1851 ), Jean-Marie ( 1851 – 1919 ), Justin ( 1855 – 1865 ), Pierre ( 1859 – 1931 ), Jean ( born and died 1864 ), and a baby girl named Louise who died soon after her birth ( 1866 ).

For several months nothing happened — then came the capture of Wereroa Pa — the relief of the siege of Pipiriki in August, 1865 that virtually ended that phase of the Second Taranaki War.

The pool of unskilled labor was constantly growing, as unprecedented numbers of immigrants — 27. 5 million between 1865 and 1918 — entered the U. S. Most were young men eager for work.