* Herbert Austin ( 1866 – 1941 ), British founder of the Austin Motor Company

* 1866 – The Grand Army of the Republic, an American patriotic organization composed of Union veterans of the American Civil War, is founded.

* 1866 – Felix-Raymond-Marie Rouleau, Canadian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church ( d. 1931 )

* 1866 – Princess Viktoria of Prussia ( d. 1929 )

* 1866 – Allen Lard, American golfer ( death date unknown )

* 1866 – Giovanni Agnelli, Italian businessman, founded Fiat S. p. A ( d. 1945 )

* 1866 – Gábor Klauzál, Hungarian politician ( b. 1804 )

* 1866 – Matthew Henson, American explorer ( d. 1955 )

* 1866 – José de Diego, Puerto Rican statesman and journalist ( d. 1918 )

* 1866 – Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin, Belgian mathematician ( d. 1962 )

* 1866 – Italo Santelli, Italian fencer ( d. 1945 )

* 1866 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1954 )

* 1866 – Henrik Sillem, Dutch sports shooter ( d. 1907 )

* Alexander John Cuza, prince of Romania ( 1859 – 1866 )

* 1866 – Austro-Prussian War ends with the Treaty of Prague.

* 1866 – Anne Sullivan, American teacher, instructor and companion of Helen Keller ( d. 1936 )

* 1866 – Ernest Starling, British physiologist ( d. 1927 )

* 1866 – Italy and Prussia ally against the Austrian Empire.

* 1866 – The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ( ASPCA ) is founded in New York City by Henry Bergh.

He married fourthly at the Dolmabahçe Palace, Constantinople, on 21 September 1866 to Georgian HH Hayranidil Kadın Efendi ( Kars, 2 November 1846 – Ortaköy Palace, Constantinople, 26 November 1898 ), and had two children.

The Earl of Derby, Prime Minister 1852, 1858 – 59, 1866 – 68

Charles Erdman ( 1866 – 1960 ) advocated apostolic authorship and wrote that only the Apostle John fits the image of the author derived from the text.

#** Marie Laetitia Eugénie Catherine Adélaïde Bonaparte ( 1866 – 1926 )

Le déjeuner sur l ' herbe, ( right section ), with Gustave Courbet, 1865 – 1866, Musée d ' Orsay, Paris, France | Paris

* 1944 – Wassily Kandinsky, Russian-born French artist ( b. 1866 )

Wassily Kandinsky 1866 – 1944: A Revolution in Painting.

* Wassily Kandinsky ( early works ) ( 1866 – 1944 )

* 1866 in art-Birth of Wassily Kandinsky

* Wassily Kandinsky ( 1866 – 1944 ), painter

* Wassily Kandinsky ( 1866 – 1944 )

Œuvres de Vassily Kandinsky ( 1866 – 1944 ) ( Centre Georges Pompidou ) ISBN 2-85850-262-5

Jean-Robert Argand introduced the term " module " ' unit of measure ' in French in 1806 specifically for the complex absolute value and it was borrowed into English in 1866 as the Latin equivalent " modulus ".

* 1944 – Romain Rolland, French writer, Nobel laureate ( b. 1866 )

Éric Alfred Leslie Satie () ( 17 May 1866 – Paris, 1 July 1925 ; signed his name Erik Satie after 1884 ) was a French composer and pianist.

Three wars led to military successes and helped to convince German people to do this: the Second war of Schleswig against Denmark in 1864, the Austro-Prussian War against Austria in 1866, and the Franco-Prussian War against the Second French Empire in 1870 – 71.

* 1804 – Paul Gavarni, French caricaturist ( d. 1866 )

These reforms included guarantees to ensure the Ottoman subjects perfect security for their lives, honour, and property ; the introduction of the first Ottoman paper banknotes ( 1840 ) and opening of the first post offices ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the finance system according to the French model ( 1840 ); the reorganization of the Civil and Criminal Code according to the French model ( 1840 ); the establishment of the Meclis-i Maarif-i Umumiye ( 1841 ) which was the prototype of the First Ottoman Parliament ( 1876 ); the reorganization of the army and a regular method of recruiting, levying the army, and fixing the duration of military service ( 1843 – 44 ); the adoption of an Ottoman national anthem and Ottoman national flag ( 1844 ); the first nationwide Ottoman census in 1844 ( only male citizens were counted ); the first national identity cards ( officially named the Mecidiye identity papers, or informally kafa kağıdı ( head paper ) documents, 1844 ); the institution of a Council of Public Instruction ( 1845 ) and the Ministry of Education ( Mekatib-i Umumiye Nezareti, 1847, which later became the Maarif Nezareti, 1857 ); the abolition of slavery and slave trade ( 1847 ); the establishment of the first modern universities ( darülfünun, 1848 ), academies ( 1848 ) and teacher schools ( darülmuallimin, 1848 ); establishment of the Ministry of Healthcare ( Tıbbiye Nezareti, 1850 ); the Commerce and Trade Code ( 1850 ); establishment of the Academy of Sciences ( Encümen-i Daniş, 1851 ); establishment of the Şirket-i Hayriye which operated the first steam-powered commuter ferries ( 1851 ); the first European style courts ( Meclis-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, 1853 ) and supreme judiciary council ( Meclis-i Ali-yi Tanzimat, 1853 ); establishment of the modern Municipality of Istanbul ( Şehremaneti, 1854 ) and the City Planning Council ( İntizam-ı Şehir Komisyonu, 1855 ); the abolition of the capitation ( Jizya ) tax on non-Muslims, with a regular method of establishing and collecting taxes ( 1856 ); non-Muslims were allowed to become soldiers ( 1856 ); various provisions for the better administration of the public service and advancement of commerce ; the establishment of the first telegraph networks ( 1847 – 1855 ) and railroads ( 1856 ); the replacement of guilds with factories ; the establishment of the Ottoman Central Bank ( originally established as the Bank-ı Osmanî in 1856, and later reorganized as the Bank-ı Osmanî-i Şahane in 1863 ) and the Ottoman Stock Exchange ( Dersaadet Tahvilat Borsası, established in 1866 ); the Land Code ( Arazi Kanunnamesi, 1857 ); permission for private sector publishers and printing firms with the Serbesti-i Kürşad Nizamnamesi ( 1857 ); establishment of the School of Economical and Political Sciences ( Mekteb-i Mülkiye, 1859 ); the Press and Journalism Regulation Code ( Matbuat Nizamnamesi, 1864 ); among others.

* 1947 – Gilbert Bougnol, French fencer ( b. 1866 )

Among its accomplishments, the United Province of Canada negotiated the Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 with the United States, built the Grand Trunk Railway, improved the educational system in Canada West under Egerton Ryerson, reinstated French as an official language of the legislature and the courts, codified the Civil Code of Lower Canada in 1866, and abolished the seigneurial system in Canada East.

* 1866 – Charles Nicolle, French bacteriologist, Nobel Prize laureate ( d. 1936 )

* 1866 – Tristan Bernard, French playwright and novelist ( d. 1947 )

Tristan Bernard ( 7 September 1866 – 7 December 1947 ) was a French playwright, novelist, journalist and lawyer.

By 1866, the French Army completely withdrew from Mexico ; Maximilian was executed by Juárez in 1867.

** La Goulue, French dancer ( b. 1866 )

* February 28 – Charles Nicolle, French bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( b. 1866 )

** Charles Mangin, French general ( b. 1866 )

* July 1 – Erik Satie, French composer ( b. 1866 )

An Italian translation of this revised French text, re-using much of the original 1866 translation by de Lauzières, was made by Angelo Zanardini.

In 1866, reacting to greater numbers of Korean converts to Catholicism despite several waves of persecutions, the Joseon court clamped down on them, massacring French Catholic missionaries and Korean converts alike.

In December 1866, the last of the French troops departed from Rome, in spite of the efforts of the pope to retain them.

* Aimé Paris ( 1798 – 1866 ), French music educator and stenographer

French interests in China were upheld in the Second Opium War and the Taiping Rebellion ; an abortive campaign against Korea was launched in 1866 while a military mission to Japan failed to prevent the restoration of Imperial rule.

The French military mission to Japan ( 1867 – 1868 ) before its departure in 1866.