Ramstedt's two-volume magnum opus, Einführung in die altaische Sprachwissenschaft (' Introduction to Altaic Linguistics ') was published in 1952 – 1957.

Ramstedt ( 1952 – 1957 ).

* 1957 – Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis buys the Hellenic National Airlines ( TAE ) and founds Olympic Airlines.

* 1957 – Jaroslava Maxova, Czech soprano and vocal coach

* 1957 – Paolo Nespoli, Italian astronaut

* 1957 – Greg Child, Australian mountaineer

* 1957 – Vince Gill, American singer-songwriter and musician ( Pure Prairie League and The Notorious Cherry Bombs )

* 1957 – Aviva Chomsky, American historian, daughter of Noam Chomsky

* 1957 – The Constitution of Malaysia comes into force.

* 1886 – Eric Coates, English composer and viola player ( d. 1957 )

* 1957 – Jeff Grubb, American game designer and author

* 1957 – Bernhard Langer, German golfer

* 1887 – Dudley Benjafield, English race car driver ( d. 1957 )

* 1889 – John Middleton Murry, English poet ( d. 1957 )

* 1957 – Bob Horner, American baseball player

* 1957 – Jim McGreevey, American politician

* 1957 – Melanie Griffith, American actress

* 1884 – Harry Dean, English cricketer ( d. 1957 )

* 1875 – Mstislav Dobuzhinsky, Russian painter ( d. 1957 )

* 1957 – Mojo Nixon, American singer-songwriter

* 1957 – Farhat Basir Khan, Indian theoretician and activist

* 1957 – Butch Vig, American drummer, songwriter, and producer ( Garbage and Spooner )

* 1957 – The United States and Canada form the North American Air Defense Command ( NORAD ).

* 1872 – Haakon VII of Norway ( d. 1957 )

* 1957 – Bodo Rudwaleit, German footballer

Helped considerably by the Soviet campaign against the novel, Doctor Zhivago became an instant sensation throughout the non-Communist world upon its release in November 1957.

But six months after the crisis, a Gallup Poll found that public worry about nuclear weapons had fallen back to its lowest point since 1957, and there was a view, disputed by CND supporters, that U. S. President John F. Kennedy's success in facing down Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev turned the British public away from CND.

DARPA was established during 1958 ( as ARPA ) in response to the Soviet launching of Sputnik during 1957, with the mission of keeping U. S. military technology more sophisticated than that of the nation's potential enemies.

The Explorer program was later reestablished to catch up with the Soviet Union after that nation's launch of Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957.

Changes in educational establishments came about as Americans and Europeans felt they had fallen behind the Soviet Union technologically after the success of Sputnik in October, 1957.

The Vyborg tramway network ceased operations in 1957, after the city had been ceded to the Soviet Union, while the Turku tramway network shut down in 1972.

) Additional inspiration for GPS came when the Soviet Union launched the first man-made satellite, Sputnik in 1957.

* 1957 – The Soviet Union launches an R-12 missile for the first time ( in the Kapustin Yar ).

1957 stamp of the former Soviet Union commemorating the 250th birthday of Euler.

Laika (, literally meaning " Barker "; c. 1954 – November 3, 1957 ) was a Soviet space dog that became the first animal to orbit the Earth – as well as the first animal to die in orbit.

Laika, a stray dog, originally named Kudryavka ( Little Curly ), underwent training with two other dogs, and was eventually chosen as the occupant of the Soviet spacecraft Sputnik 2 that was launched into outer space on November 3, 1957.

After the success of Sputnik 1, Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet leader, wanted a spacecraft launched on November 7, 1957, the 40th anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution.

* Soviet Fires New Satellite, Carrying Dog ; Half-Ton Sphere Is Reported 900 Miles Up ( November 3, 1957 ).

In 1957, the Soviet vessel Vityaz reported a depth of 11, 034 m ( 36, 201 ft ), dubbed the Mariana Hollow.

On 4 October 1957 the Soviet Union had launched the first artificial satellite Sputnik 1 and ignited the Space Race, a part of the Cold War.

* 1957 – Sputnik program: The Soviet Union launches Sputnik 2.

* 1957 – Alexander Tkachyov, Soviet gymnast

In 1957 the Soviet Union launched the world's first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, thus starting the Space Age.

The International Colloquium on Function Theory in Helsinki in 1957, directed by Nevanlinna, was the first post-war occasion when the Soviet mathematicians could contact their Western colleagues in person.

The world's first artificial satellite, the Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957.

The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, and initiating the Soviet Sputnik program, with Sergei Korolev as chief designer ( there is a crater on the lunar far side which bears his name ).

* 1957 – 20 MCi ( 740 petabecquerels ) of radioactive material is released in an explosion at the Soviet Mayak nuclear plant at Chelyabinsk.

The early era of space exploration was driven by a " Space Race " between the Soviet Union and the United States, the launch of the first man-made object to orbit the Earth, the USSR's Sputnik 1, on 4 October 1957, and the first Moon landing by the American Apollo 11 craft on 20 July 1969 are often taken as the boundaries for this initial period.