Julius Caesar added two days when he created the Julian calendar in 45 BC giving it its modern length of 31 days.

The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart under the competing ambitions of its members: Lepidus was driven into exile and stripped of his position, and Antony committed suicide following his defeat at the Battle of Actium by Augustus in 31 BC.

Actium is chiefly famous as the site of Octavian's decisive victory over Mark Antony ( September 2, 31 BC ).

The battle took place on 2 September 31 BC, on the Ionian Sea near the city of Actium, at the Roman province of Epirus vetus in Greece.

Indeed, military operations began in 31 BC, when Octavian's general Agrippa captured Methone, a Greek town allied to Antony.

The two fleets met outside the Gulf of Actium ( Today Preveza city, Greece ), on the morning of 2 September 31 BC.

Despite a victory at Alexandria on 31 July 30 BC, more of Mark Antony's men deserted, leaving him with insufficient forces to fight Octavian.

Category: 31 BC

The Chauvet Cave in the Ardèche Departments of France contains the most important preserved cave paintings of the Paleolithic era, painted around 31, 000 BC.

The Julio-Claudian dynasty normally refers to the first five Roman Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula ( also known as Gaius ), Claudius, and Nero, or the family to which they belonged ; they ruled the Roman Empire from its formation, in the second half of the 1st century ( 44 / 31 / 27 ) BC, until AD 68, when the last of the line, Nero, committed suicide.

Disagreement between Octavian and Antony erupted into civil war, the final war of the Roman Republic, in 31 BC.

In 31 BC, the war started.

:: B. Livilla, 13 BC – 31 AD, had three children

According to Josephus, a 1st-century Jewish Roman historian, Herod the Great fortified Masada between 37 and 31 BC as a refuge for himself in the event of a revolt.

One of Sappho's poems ( fragment 31 ) was famously translated by the 1st century BC Roman poet Catullus in his " Ille mi par esse deo videtur " (" He seems to me to be equal to a god ") ( Catullus 51 ).

The biographical tradition says that Virgil and Maecenas took turns reading the Georgics to Octavian upon his return from defeating Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC.

Year 31 BC was either a common year starting on Tuesday, Wednesday or Thursday or a leap year starting on Tuesday or Wednesday ( link will display the full calendar ) of the Julian calendar ( the sources differ, see leap year error for further information ) and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Proleptic Julian calendar.

The denomination 31 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

tl: 31 BC

* The Hellenistic period ends, according to some scholars ( usual date 31 BC ).

* Hillel the Elder, Jewish scholar and Nasi of the Sanhedrin, in office c. 31 BC – 9 AD

* 31 BC: Roman Civil War: Battle of Actium — Off the western coast of Greece, forces of Octavian defeat troops under Mark Antony and Cleopatra.

* Hillel the Elder, Jewish scholar and Nasi of the Sanhedrin, in office c. 31 BC – 9 AD

The Aeneid is full of prophecies about the future of Rome, the deeds of Augustus, his ancestors, and famous Romans, and the Carthaginian Wars ; the shield of Aeneas even depicts Augustus ' victory at Actium in 31 BC.

Australia won 4 – 0 in 1958 – 59, having found a high-quality spinner of their own in new skipper Richie Benaud, who took 31 wickets in the five-Test series, and paceman Alan Davidson, who took 24 wickets at 19. 00.

6, No. 2 ( Classical Association of Canada ), pp. 31 – 43.

:: K. Commodus ( 31 August 161 – 31 December 192 ), died without issue

* Wright, F. A., " The Food of the Gods ", The Classical Review 31. 1, ( February 1917: 4 – 6 ).

Ahmed III ( Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثالث Aḥmed-i < u > s </ u > āli < u > s </ u >) < span dir =" ltr ">( December 30 / 31, 1673 – July 1, 1736 )</ span > was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV ( 1648 – 87 ).

Andrew Johnson ( December 29, 1808 July 31, 1875 ) was the 17th President of the United States ( 1865 – 1869 ).

Alessandro Algardi ( 31 July 1598 – 10 June 1654 ) was an Italian high-Baroque sculptor active almost exclusively in Rome, where for the latter decades of his life, he was the major rival of Gian Lorenzo Bernini.

Alessandro di Cristofano di Lorenzo del Bronzino Allori ( 31 May 1535 – 22 September 1607 ) was an Italian portrait painter of the late Mannerist Florentine school.

1929 portrait of King Alfonso XIIIOn 31 May 1906, at the Royal Monastery of San Geronimo in Madrid, Alfonso married Scottish-born Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg ( 1887 – 1969 ), a niece of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom, and a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

* Ambrós ( Miguel Ambrosio Zaragoza ( 31 August 1913 – 30 September 1992 )), a distinguished comic strip cartoonist, most famous for the comic book series Capitán Trueno ( Captain Thunder ).

* Believers ' Prayer ( 4: 23 – 31 )

* Conversion of Saul ( 9: 1 – 31, 22: 1 – 22, 26: 9 – 24 )

***" God ... has set a day " ( 17: 30 – 31 )

The Falcons wore an all-black combination for home games against their archrivals, the New Orleans Saints, winning the first two contests ( 24 – 21 in and 36 – 17 in ), but losing 31 – 13 in.

After winning the opening game of the season on March 31 on the road against the Cincinnati Reds, the Diamondbacks found themselves with the best record in Major League Baseball, 20 – 8, by the start of May.

* Eredivisie ( up to 1955 – 56 the Netherlands Football League Championship ): 31

:: 1917 – 18, 1918 – 19, 1930 – 31, 1931 – 32, 1933 – 34, 1936 – 37, 1938 – 39, 1946 – 47, 1956 – 57, 1959 – 60, 1965 – 66, 1966 – 67, 1967 – 68, 1969 – 70, 1971 – 72, 1972 – 73, 1976 – 77, 1978 – 79, 1979 – 80, 1981 – 82, 1982 – 83, 1984 – 85, 1989 – 90, 1993 – 94, 1994 – 95, 1995 – 96, 1997 – 98, 2001 – 02, 2003 – 04, 2010 – 11, 2011 – 12