According to Christian theologian Alister McGrath, the Jewish Christians affirmed every aspect of then contemporary Second Temple Judaism with the addition of the belief that Jesus was the messiah, with Isaiah 49: 6, " an explicit parallel to 42: 6 " quoted by Paul in Acts 13: 47 and reinterpreted by Justin the Martyr.

According to non-Orthodox Jews and critical historians, Jewish law too has been affected by surrounding cultures ( for example, some scholars argue that the establishment of absolute monotheism in Judaism was a reaction against the dualism of Zoroastrianism that Jews encountered when living under Persian rule ; Jews rejected polygamy during the Middle Ages, influenced by their Christian neighbors ).

According to Rabbinic Judaism the Torah was revealed by God to Moses ; within it, Jews find 613 Mitzvot ( commandments ).

According to normative Judaism, the verses in require that the months be determined by a proper court with the necessary authority to sanctify the months.

According to Nicholas de Lange, Judaism offers no clear teaching about the destiny which lies in wait for the individual after death and its attitude to life after death has been expressed as follows: " For the future is inscrutable, and the accepted sources of knowledge, whether experience, or reason, or revelation, offer no clear guidance about what is to come.

According to Tracey R. Rich of the website " Judaism 101 ", Judaism, unlike other world-religions, is not focused on the quest of getting into heaven but on life and how to live it.

According to Daniel Boyarin, the underlying distinction between religion and ethnicity is foreign to Judaism itself, and is one form of the dualism between spirit and flesh that has its origin in Platonic philosophy and that permeated Hellenistic Judaism.

According to traditional Jewish Law, a Jew is anyone born of a Jewish mother or converted to Judaism in accordance with Jewish Law.

According to religious Judaism, any non-Jew who lives according to the Seven Laws of Noah is regarded as a righteous gentile, and is assured of a place in the world to come, the final reward of the righteous.

According to the PaRDeS approaches to exegesis, interpretation of Biblical texts in Judaism is realized through peshat ( literal or plain meaning, lit.

According to religious Judaism, any non-Jew who adheres to these laws is regarded as a < i > righteous gentile </ i >, and is assured of a place in the World to Come ( Olam Haba ), the final reward of the righteous.

According to religious Judaism, the 613 mitzvot or " commandments " given in the written Torah, as well as their reasonings in the oral Torah, were issued to the Jews only, and are therefore binding only upon them, having inherited the obligation from their ancestors.

According to Orthodox Judaism, Jewish law today is based on the commandments in the Torah, as viewed through the discussions and debates contained in classical rabbinic literature, especially the Mishnah and the Talmud.

According to the Talmud, Obadiah is said to have been a convert to Judaism from Edom, a descendant of Eliphaz, the friend of Job.

According to Kahane, the term " Kahanism " is used primarily by those ignorant of Torah Judaism to discredit his ideology, which he asserted to be rooted in Halakha and the same as Torah Judaism.

According to the early Slavic chronicle called Tale of Bygone Years, which describes life in Kyivan Rus ' up to the year 1110, he sent his envoys throughout the civilized world to judge at first hand the major religions of the time — Islam, Roman Catholicism, Judaism, and Byzantine Orthodoxy.

According to the teachings of Messianic Judaism, in the earthly life of Jesus, the Holy Spirit was the dove at baptism ( Matt 3: 16 ) and the giver of tongues in Acts 2.

According to certain branches of Messianic Judaism, Jews are individual who have one or more Jewish parents, or who have undergone halakhic conversion to Judaism.

According to the statement of the Messianic Jewish Rabbinical Council regarding Conversion, converts to Judaism do not in any way have a higher status within Messianic Judaism than the Messianic believers who are considered by the UMJC to still be gentiles who are attached to their communities.

According to Joseph P. Schultz, modern scholarship " considers the Maccabean revolt less as an uprising against foreign oppression than as a civil war between the orthodox and reformist parties in the Jewish camp ", while John J. Collins writes that while the civil war between Jewish leaders led to the king's new policies, it is wrong to see the revolt as simply a conflict between Hellenism and Judaism, since " The revolt was not provoked by the introduction of Greek customs ( typified by the building of a gymnasium ) but by the persecution of people who observed the Torah by having their children circumcised and refusing to eat pork.

According to Steven H Silver, alternate history requires three things: 1 ) the story must have a point of divergence from the history of our world prior to the time at which the author is writing, 2 ) a change that would alter history as it is known, and 3 ) an examination of the ramifications of that change.

According to the teaching of Arius, the preexistent Logos and thus the incarnate Jesus Christ was a created being ; that only the Son was directly created and begotten by God the Father, before ages, but was of a distinct, though similar, essence or substance from the Creator ; his opponents argued that this would make Jesus less than God, and that this was heretical.

According to the Bibliotheca, no one had realised that Ajax had raped Cassandra until Calchas, the Greek seer, warned the Greeks that Athena was furious at the treatment of her priestess and she would destroy the Greek ships if they didn't kill him immediately.

According to Edward Gibbon in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, during the shifting of offices that took place at the beginning of the new reigns, Alaric apparently hoped he would be promoted from a mere commander to the rank of general in one of the regular armies.

According to the Lanercost Chronicle, Alexander did not spend his decade as a widower alone: " he used never to forbear on account of season nor storm, nor for perils of flood or rocky cliffs, but would visit none too creditably nuns or matrons, virgins or widows as the fancy seized him, sometimes in disguise.

According to Hosea Ballou, then Pierre Batiffol ( 1911 ) and George T. Knight ( 1914 ) Amalric was a believer that all people would eventually be saved and this was one of the counts upon which he was declared a heretic by Pope Innocent III.

According to the Septuagint, Amram's family tree would be as follows:

According to Livy the war was commenced by the Latins who anticipated Ancus would follow the pious pursuit of peace adopted by his grandfather, Numa Pompilius.

According to Berkman, "... with the elimination of Frick, responsibility for Homestead conditions would rest with Carnegie.

According to mission rules, Orion would have then re-docked with Casper, in case mission control decided to abort the landing and use the Lunar Module's engines for the return trip to Earth.

Likewise, Joseph E. Stiglitz, speaking not only on China but East Asia in general, comments " The countries that have managed globalization ... such as those in East Asia, have, by and large, ensured that they reaped huge benefits ..." According to The Heritage Foundation, development in China was anticipated by Milton Friedman, who predicted that even a small progress towards economic liberalization would produce dramatic and positive effects.

According to these, the SI prefixes would only be used in the decimal sense, even when referring to data storage capacities: kilobyte and megabyte would denote one thousand bytes and one million bytes respectively ( consistent with SI ), while new terms such as kibibyte, mebibyte and gibibyte,

According to this pact, the Liberals would support the government in crucial votes in exchange for some influence over policy.

According to Ivinskaya, " If ever the conversation turned to Mandelstam, Leonidovich would always hark back to the same thing: that he was not to blame for his misfortunes, and that if he had not written to Bukharin and in general made a great fuss about his arrest, then perhaps Mandelstam would not even have had the respite, brief as it was, which was granted to him -- with the result that the Voronezh Notebooks might never have been written.

According to Ivinskaya, " He did not believe that we would ever publish the manuscript here and felt he had no right to withhold a masterpiece from the world -- this would be an even greater crime.

According to Yevgenii Pasternak, his father would have been exiled had it not been for Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, who telephoned Khrushchev and threatened to found a Committee for Pasternak ’ s protection.

According to Okrent ( 2009, p. 190 ), there was a final period of conflict, as Bliss would make continuous criticisms to McNaughton often followed by apologies.

According to one historical account, aboriginal tribes of Australia were " most certainly cannibals ", and would willingly eat anyone who was killed in a fight ; they would also eat men famed for their fighting ability who had died natural deaths "... out of pity and consideration for the body ".

According to tradition, a claim was once made that the shattering of a pumpkin frozen in liquid nitrogen and dropped from a sufficient height would produce a triboluminescent spark.

According to, the attackers retreated after realizing that they would have to become rebels against the state and against their own lord.

According to biographer Ray Spangenburg, these early years as Sagan tried to understand the mysteries of the planets, became a " driving force in his life, a continual spark to his intellect, and a quest that would never be forgotten.