During this period, Gosse made a special study of sea anemone ( Actiniae ) and in 1860 published Actinologia Britannica.

Antoninus in many ways was the ideal of the landed gentleman praised not only by ancient Romans, but also by later scholars of classical history, such as Edward Gibbon or the author of the article on Antoninus Pius in the ninth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica:

Few would dispute the verdict of James D. Forbes, an editor of the eighth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica: " His scientific glory is different in kind from that of Young and Fresnel ; but the discoverer of the law of polarization of biaxial crystals, of optical mineralogy, and of double refraction by compression, will always occupy a foremost rank in the intellectual history of the age.

Throughout history, the Britannica has had two aims: to be an excellent reference book and to provide educational material.

The history of the Britannica can be divided into five eras, punctuated by changes in management or re-organisation of the dictionary.

An Irish newspaper, The Evening Herald, based in Dublin, said in February 2010 that Britannica offers a " farcically inaccurate version " of the country's history.

In rapidly changing fields such as science, technology, politics, culture and modern history, the Britannica has struggled to stay up-to-date, a problem first analysed systematically by its former editor Walter Yust.

The Great Man approach to history was most fashionable with professional historians in the 19th century ; a popular work of this school is the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition ( 1911 ) which contains lengthy and detailed biographies about the great men of history, but very few general or social histories.

This portrait of Peter can be found in most history books, including 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica:

The Eleventh Edition, Encyclopædia Britannica, concluded that his history contained much valuable information and that the style, though far from perfect, is clear and occasionally elegant.

" Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc .. 2009 Retrieved at: < http :// www. history. com / topics / chen-duxiu >.

Then-New York City mayor, Robert F. Wagner, Jr., commissioned Frederick Pittera, a producer of international fairs and exhibitions, and author of the history of International Fairs & Exhibitions for the Encyclopaedia Britannica and Compton's Encyclopedia, to prepare the first feasibility studies for the 1964 / 1965 New York World's Fair.

The book is a gold mine of mid – twentieth century Wilmette history, including a reference to a Woolworth ’ s store once located in the Eden ’ s Plaza shopping center — as well as a prominent Encyclopædia Britannica sign once displayed on Wilmette Avenue.

:* A history of England and Wales, entitled De Antiquitate Britannica, or Civilis Historia.

The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition described Teuffel's history as " written in an unattractive style " but " indispensable to the student " especially for its " bibliographical information ", and Warr's translation is described in the 1996 Oxford Classical Dictionary as " still useful on details ".

* Tong War ( United States history ) -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia ".

According to Encyclopædia Britannica, " The name first appears in early Islāmic history in the dispute over ʿAlī ’ s leadership of the Muslim community after the murder of the third caliph, Hazrat ʿUthmān ' Affan ( 656 ).

According to Britannica Online, " In feudal Japan sumptuary laws were passed with a frequency and minuteness of scope that had no parallel in the history of the Western world.

The 11th edition of Encyclopædia Britannica called this " a work of extraordinary labour, and of great importance for the history of music " ( 3rd ed.

Although Lawrence Mott in his comprehensive treatment of the history of the rudder, Timothy Runyan, the Propyläen History of Technology, the Encyclopædia Britannica, and The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology classify a steering oar as a rudder, Joseph Needham, Lefèbre des Noëttes, K. S.

According to the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, the Virgile travesti " is now thought a somewhat ignoble waste of singular powers for burlesque " and the Roman comique ( 1651-1657 ) is Scarron's best work: " This history of a troupe of strolling actors ... is almost the first French novel ... which shows real power of painting manners and character, and is singularly vivid.

She has also been recognized by Encyclopædia Britannica as one of the top 300 women in history who have changed the world.

Dionysius was the author of an important world history, the Annals, which has perished apart for some passages quoted in the anonymous Chronicle of 1234 ( mistakenly attributed in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica to Bar Hebraeus ) and by Michael the Syrian.

Giacomo Puccini, who was a realist composer, has been described by Encyclopaedia Britannica Online as the man who " virtually brought the history of Italian opera to an end ".

Thus, to cite but one example, the Pax Britannica of the nineteenth century, whether with the British navy ruling the seas or with the City of London ruling world finance, was strictly national in motivation, however much other nations ( e.g., the United States ) may have incidentally benefited.

There was a general reduction in the number of cavalry regiments in the British, French, Italian and other Western armies but it was still argued with conviction ( for example in the 1922 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ) that mounted troops had a major role to play in future warfare.

The Encyclopædia Britannica ( Latin for " British Encyclopaedia "), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

Although publication has been based in the United States since 1901, the Britannica has largely maintained British spelling.

The Britannica was dedicated to the reigning British monarch from 1788 to 1901 and then, upon its sale to an American partnership, to the British monarch and the President of the United States.

The Britannica generally prefers British spelling over American ; for example, it uses colour ( not color ), centre ( not center ), and encyclopaedia ( not encyclopedia ).

A British Children's Britannica edited by John Armitage was issued in London in 1960.

Thomas Young's work is acknowledged in Champollion's 1822 Lettre à M. Dacier, but incompletely, according to British critics: for example, James Browne, a sub-editor on the Encyclopædia Britannica ( which had published Young's 1819 article ), contributed anonymously a series of review articles to the Edinburgh Review in 1823, praising Young's work highly and alleging that the " unscrupulous " Champollion plagiarised it.

As a direct result of the Napoleonic wars, the British Empire became the foremost world power for the next century, thus beginning Pax Britannica.

The term derives from and is inspired by the Pax Romana of the Roman Empire, the Pax Britannica of the British Empire and the Pax Mongolica of the Mongol Empire.

The 1911 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica states that " he spelling ' tyre ' is not now accepted by the best English authorities, and is unrecognized in the US ", while Fowler's Modern English Usage of 1926 says that " there is nothing to be said for ' tyre ', which is etymologically wrong, as well as needlessly divergent from our own British older & the present American usage ".

Her British and continental counterpart Brigantia seems to have been the Celtic equivalent of the Roman Minerva and the Greek Athena ( Encyclopædia Britannica: Celtic Religion ), goddesses with very similar functions and apparently embodying the same concept of ' elevated state ', whether physical or psychological.

* " St Kilda-Death of an Island Republic " Utopia Britannica: British Utopian Experiments 1325-1945.

Pax Britannica ( Latin for " the British Peace ", modelled after Pax Romana ) was the period of relative peace in Europe and the world ( 1815 – 1914 ) during which the British Empire controlled most of the key maritime trade routes and enjoyed unchallenged sea power.

See the Lives in the Dictionary of National Biography and in Biographia Britannica ( Kippis ), with authorities there collected ; Essex's Irish correspondence is in the Stow Collection in the British Library, Nos.

He also wrote numerous essays for the Westminster, North British, and other reviews ; articles in the " Encyclopædia Britannica " and several pamphlets on education questions.

The Family of Hoge quotes The Encyclopædia Britannica as having this to say about the Howes: " The friendliness of the brothers, Admiral Richard Howe and General William Howe, to the colonies led to their selection for the command of the British forces in the Revolutionary War.

In the words of the 1911 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, the dictionary had " elucidated the private annals of the British ", providing not only concise lives of the notable deceased, but additionally lists of sources which were invaluable to researchers in a period when few libraries or collections of manuscripts had published catalogues or indices, and the production of indices to periodical literatures was just beginning.

He returned to England with his reputation, according to the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, " as a statesman enhanced by the respect of all parties, and with a practical experience, second only to that of Lord Milner, of British imperialism in successful operation.

The Family of Hoge quotes The Encyclopaedia Britannica as having this to say about the Howes: " The friendliness of the brothers, Admiral Richard Howe and General William Howe, to the colonies led to their selection for the command of the British forces in the Revolutionary War.

* Encyclopædia Britannica (" British Empire " and " Viceroy "), London: Cambridge University Press, 1911, 11th edition,