Thus, to cite but one example, the Pax Britannica of the nineteenth century, whether with the British navy ruling the seas or with the City of London ruling world finance, was strictly national in motivation, however much other nations ( e.g., the United States ) may have incidentally benefited.

Antoninus in many ways was the ideal of the landed gentleman praised not only by ancient Romans, but also by later scholars of classical history, such as Edward Gibbon or the author of the article on Antoninus Pius in the ninth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica:

According to the author of his biography in the Eleventh edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica: " Ambrose is interesting as typical of the new humanism which was growing up within the church.

The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition, thought the term was derived from the Spanish barrueco, a large, irregularly-shaped pearl, and it was for a time confined to the craft of the jeweller.

The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition remarks that " At the time it was framed the charter was considered extraordinarily liberal " and that " the government has always been largely non-sectarian in spirit.

The other main course in Smith's self-education was to read the 11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica through at least twice.

This was the explanation given in the ninth edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica, dated 1877.

There was a general reduction in the number of cavalry regiments in the British, French, Italian and other Western armies but it was still argued with conviction ( for example in the 1922 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica ) that mounted troops had a major role to play in future warfare.

At a later period he was one of the leading contributors to the Encyclopædia Britannica ( seventh and eighth editions ) writing, among others, the articles on electricity, hydrodynamics, magnetism, microscope, optics, stereoscope, and voltaic electricity.

This format, a contrast to the Encyclopædia Britannica, was widely imitated by later 19th century encyclopedias in Britain, the United States, France, Spain, Italy and other countries.

In the 1929 edition of Encyclopedia Britannica he published what was then the most authoritative classification of Native American languages, and the first based on evidence from modern comparative linguistics.

In the first era ( 1st – 6th editions, 1768 – 1826 ), the Britannica was managed and published by its founders, Colin Macfarquhar and Andrew Bell, by Archibald Constable, and by others.

The Britannica was first published between 1768 and 1771 in Edinburgh as the Encyclopædia Britannica, or, A Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, compiled upon a New Plan.

The Britannica was primarily a Scottish enterprise ; it is one of the most enduring legacies of the Scottish Enlightenment.

During the second era ( 7th – 9th editions, 1827 – 1901 ), the Britannica was managed by the Edinburgh publishing firm, A & C Black.

The first English-born editor-in-chief was Thomas Spencer Baynes, who oversaw the production of the 9th edition ; dubbed the " Scholar's Edition ", the 9th is the most scholarly Britannica.

However, by the close of the 19th century, the 9th edition was outdated and the Britannica faced financial difficulties.

In the third era ( 10th – 14th editions, 1901 – 73 ), the Britannica was managed by American businessmen who introduced direct marketing and door-to-door sales.

When Hooper fell into financial difficulties, the Britannica was managed by Sears Roebuck for 18 years ( 1920 – 23, 1928 – 43 ).

In the fourth era ( 1974 – 94 ), the Britannica introduced its 15th edition, which was re-organised into three parts: the Micropædia, the Macropædia, and the Propædia.

In 1996, the Britannica was bought by Jacqui Safra at well below its estimated value, owing to the company's financial difficulties.

Musica Britannica is preparing a volume dedicated to the " Keyboard Music from Fitzwilliam Manuscripts ".

Smellie did not participate in the second edition of the Britannica, because he objected to the inclusion of biographical articles in an encyclopedia dedicated to the arts and sciences.

The Encyclopædia Britannica ( Latin for " British Encyclopaedia "), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

Although publication has been based in the United States since 1901, the Britannica has largely maintained British spelling.

The Britannica generally prefers British spelling over American ; for example, it uses colour ( not color ), centre ( not center ), and encyclopaedia ( not encyclopedia ).

A British Children's Britannica edited by John Armitage was issued in London in 1960.

* Actinologia Britannica: a history of the British Sea-Anemones and Corals.

Thomas Young's work is acknowledged in Champollion's 1822 Lettre à M. Dacier, but incompletely, according to British critics: for example, James Browne, a sub-editor on the Encyclopædia Britannica ( which had published Young's 1819 article ), contributed anonymously a series of review articles to the Edinburgh Review in 1823, praising Young's work highly and alleging that the " unscrupulous " Champollion plagiarised it.

As a direct result of the Napoleonic wars, the British Empire became the foremost world power for the next century, thus beginning Pax Britannica.

The term derives from and is inspired by the Pax Romana of the Roman Empire, the Pax Britannica of the British Empire and the Pax Mongolica of the Mongol Empire.

The 1911 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica states that " he spelling ' tyre ' is not now accepted by the best English authorities, and is unrecognized in the US ", while Fowler's Modern English Usage of 1926 says that " there is nothing to be said for ' tyre ', which is etymologically wrong, as well as needlessly divergent from our own British older & the present American usage ".

Her British and continental counterpart Brigantia seems to have been the Celtic equivalent of the Roman Minerva and the Greek Athena ( Encyclopædia Britannica: Celtic Religion ), goddesses with very similar functions and apparently embodying the same concept of ' elevated state ', whether physical or psychological.

* " St Kilda-Death of an Island Republic " Utopia Britannica: British Utopian Experiments 1325-1945.

Pax Britannica ( Latin for " the British Peace ", modelled after Pax Romana ) was the period of relative peace in Europe and the world ( 1815 – 1914 ) during which the British Empire controlled most of the key maritime trade routes and enjoyed unchallenged sea power.

See the Lives in the Dictionary of National Biography and in Biographia Britannica ( Kippis ), with authorities there collected ; Essex's Irish correspondence is in the Stow Collection in the British Library, Nos.

He also wrote numerous essays for the Westminster, North British, and other reviews ; articles in the " Encyclopædia Britannica " and several pamphlets on education questions.

The Family of Hoge quotes The Encyclopædia Britannica as having this to say about the Howes: " The friendliness of the brothers, Admiral Richard Howe and General William Howe, to the colonies led to their selection for the command of the British forces in the Revolutionary War.

In the words of the 1911 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, the dictionary had " elucidated the private annals of the British ", providing not only concise lives of the notable deceased, but additionally lists of sources which were invaluable to researchers in a period when few libraries or collections of manuscripts had published catalogues or indices, and the production of indices to periodical literatures was just beginning.

He returned to England with his reputation, according to the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, " as a statesman enhanced by the respect of all parties, and with a practical experience, second only to that of Lord Milner, of British imperialism in successful operation.

The Family of Hoge quotes The Encyclopaedia Britannica as having this to say about the Howes: " The friendliness of the brothers, Admiral Richard Howe and General William Howe, to the colonies led to their selection for the command of the British forces in the Revolutionary War.

* Encyclopædia Britannica (" British Empire " and " Viceroy "), London: Cambridge University Press, 1911, 11th edition,