In 1086 Yusuf ibn Tashfin was invited by the taifa Muslim princes of the Iberian Peninsula ( Al-Andalus ) to defend their territories from Alfonso VI, King of León and Castile.

Afonso I was the son of Henry of Burgundy and Theresa of León, the natural daughter of King Alfonso VI of León.

With his marriage to Urraca, queen regnant of Castile and León, in 1109, he began to use, with some justification, the grandiose title Emperor of Spain, formerly employed by his father-in-law, Alfonso VI.

The marriage had been arranged by her father Alfonso VI of León in 1106 to unite the two chief Christian states against the Almoravides, and to supply them with a capable military leader.

* Alfonso VI of León-( 1065 – 1109 )

Alfonso VI may refer to:

* Alfonso VI of Castile ( 1065 – 1109 )

es: Alfonso VI

it: Alfonso VI

Exiled from the court of the Spanish Emperor Alfonso VI of León and Castile, El Cid went on to command a Moorish force consisting of Muladis, Berbers, Arabs and Malians, under Yusuf al-Mu ' taman ibn Hud, Moorish king of the northeast Al-Andalus city of Zaragoza, and his successor, Al-Mustein II.

After the Christian defeat at the Battle of Sagrajas in 1086, El Cid was recalled to service by Alfonso VI, and commanded a combined Christian and Moorish army, which he used to create his own fiefdom in the Moorish Mediterranean coastal city of Valencia.

Rodrigo Díaz was educated in the royal court of Castile and became the alférez, the chief general, of Alfonso VI, and his most valuable asset in the fight against the Moors.

El Cid was the champion of King Alfonso VI of Castile.

This is widely reported as truth, but contemporary documents on the lives of both Rodrigo Diaz and Alfonso VI of Castile and León do not mention any such event.

In The Song the man who served him as his closest adviser was his vassal and kinsman Álvar Fáñez " Minaya " ( meaning " My brother ", a compound word of Spanish possessive Mi ( My ) and Anaia, the basque word for brother ), although the historical Álvar Fáñez remained in Castile with Alfonso VI.

The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065-1109 Princeton, New Jersey: University Press, 1988.

Ferdinand's son, Alfonso VI of Castile took the title in 1077.

* 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo, Spain back from the Moors.

* 1086 – At the Battle of az-Zallaqah, the army of Yusuf ibn Tashfin defeats the forces of Castilian King Alfonso VI.

Four years later Pisan and Genoese ships helped Alfonso VI of Castilla to push El Cid out of Valencia.

During that period Christian kingdoms gradually took control over the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim kingdoms and with the fall of the Granadian emirate, the entire Iberian Peninsula was brought under Christian rule, while native Mozarabic Christian practices held for centuries in Muslim-ruled territory were first suppressed as early as 1080, by Alfonso VI of Castile, as Roman-rite Christian kingdoms advanced south.

His brother Alfonso VI took over León, Castile and Galicia.

Alfonso VI the Brave gave more power to the fueros and repopulated Segovia, Ávila and Salamanca.

Alfonso VI was first and foremost a tactful monarch who chose to understand the kings of taifa and employed unprecedented diplomatic measures to attain political feats before considering the use of force.

In 1138, Ali ibn Yusuf was defeated by Alfonso VII of León, and in the Battle of Ourique ( 1139 ), by Afonso I of Portugal, who thereby won his crown.

Meanwhile, King Alfonso VII of León ( Afonso's cousin ) regarded the independent ruler of Portugal as nothing but a rebel.

Afonso II (; English Alphonzo ), or Affonso ( Archaic Portuguese ), Alfonso or Alphonso ( Portuguese-Galician ) or Alphonsus ( Latin version ), nicknamed " the Fat " ( Portuguese o Gordo ), King of Portugal, was born in Coimbra on 23 April 1185 and died on 25 March 1223 in the same city.

The first-born of this union, Infanta Maria of Portugal, married King Alfonso XI of Castile in 1328, at the same time that Afonso IV's heir, Peter I of Portugal, was promised to another Castilian infanta, Constance of Peñafiel.

* 1212 – Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa: after Pope Innocent III calls European knights to a crusade, forces of Kings Alfonso VIII of Castile, Sancho VII of Navarre, Peter II of Aragon and Afonso II of Portugal defeat those of the Berber Muslim leader Almohad, thus marking a significant turning point in the Reconquista and in the medieval history of Spain.

* 1325 – Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal.

* 1143 – King Alfonso VII of León recognises Portugal as a Kingdom.

He condemned King Alfonso IX of León for his marriage to Teresa of Portugal on the grounds of consanguinity.

Early in 1197, at the request of Sancho I, King of Portugal, Pope Celestine III declared a Crusade against Alfonso IX, and released his subjects from their responsibilities to the king, declaring " the men of his realm shall be absolved from their fidelity and his dominion by authority of the apostolic see.

* 1267 – King Afonso III of Portugal and King Alfonso X of Castile sign a treaty determining the southern border between Portugal and Spain as the Guadiana River, a border that remains to this day.

* December 12 – Upon the death of Henry IV of Castile, a civil war ensues between his designated successor Isabella I of Castile and her sister Juana, who is supported by her husband, Alfonso V of Portugal.

* May 28 – Peter I becomes King of Portugal after the death of his father, Alfonso IV.

* January 7 – Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal.

* February 16 – King Afonso III of Portugal and King Alfonso X of Castile sign the Badajoz Convention, determining the border between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of Leon, and ensuring Portuguese sovereignty over Algarve.

Meanwhile, King Alfonso VII of León ( Afonso's cousin ) regarded the independent ruler of Portugal as nothing but a rebel.

This drew down upon Portugal the anger of Alfonso X of Castile, surnamed the Wise, who claimed suzerainty over Algarve.

The reign of Alfonso II from 791-842 saw further expansion of the kingdom to the south, almost as far as Lisbon, Portugal.

King Afonso III of Portugal had to surrender, but he gained an agreement by which, after he consented to marry Alfonso X's daughter Beatrice of Castile, the land would be returned to their heirs.

In 1263 Alfonso X returned Algarve to the King of Portugal.

Alfonso was the son of Ferdinand IV and Constance of Portugal, and the grandson of María de Molina, who served as regent since he was one year old until he attained adulthood at 15 in 1325.

His second marriage, on 1328, was to Maria of Portugal, daughter of Alfonso IV of Portugal.