* Anomalous X-ray scattering ( MAD or SAD phasing ) – the X-ray wavelength may be scanned past an absorption edge of an atom, which changes the scattering in a known way.

Anomalous dispersion plays a fundamental role in achieving backward propagating and superluminal light.

Anomalous perturbations are divided into two categories based on the magnitude of its effects, Macro-AP and Micro-AP.

* Etzel Cardeña ( 1957 -), Thorsen Professor of Psychology, Director of the Center for Research on Consciousness and Anomalous Psychology ( CERCAP )

* “ Functionalism and Anomalous Monism ”, in Ernest LePore and Brian McLaughlin, eds., Actions and Events: Perspectives on the Philosophy of Donald Davidson ( Blackwell, Oxford, 1985 ), pp. 387 – 98

In 2011, Bem published the article " Feeling the Future: Experimental Evidence for Anomalous Retroactive Influences on Cognition and Affect " in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology that offered statistical evidence for psi.

Anomalous presentation of human leukocyte antigen ( HLA ) class II on the surface of hepatocytes, possibly due to genetic predisposition or acute liver infection, causes a cell-mediated immune response against the body's own liver, resulting in autoimmune hepatitis.

Anomalous theories have been studied in great detail and are often founded on the celebrated Atiyah – Singer index theorem or variations thereof ( see, for example, the chiral anomaly ).

He also contributed to a symposium on The Psychology of Anomalous Experience at the British Association Annual Festival in Birmingham in September 1996.

* Autocorrelation is used to analyze Dynamic light scattering data, which notably enables to determine the particle size distributions of nanometer-sized particles or micelles suspended in a fluid.

* Photophobia and decreased visual acuity due to light scattering within the eye ( ocular straylight )

Additionally, the improper development of the RPE, which in normal eyes absorbs most of the reflected sunlight, further increases glare due to light scattering within the eye.

The particles produce a scattering effect upon the component parts of white light.

Some colloids are translucent because of the Tyndall effect, which is the scattering of light by particles in the colloid.

Measurement principle of multiple light scattering coupled with vertical scanning

Multiple light scattering coupled with vertical scanning is the most widely used technique to monitor the dispersion state of a product, hence identifying and quantifying destabilisation phenomena.

Commonly used experimental techniques include spectroscopy, with probes such as X-rays, infrared light and inelastic neutron scattering ; study of thermal response, such as specific heat and measurement of transport via thermal and heat conduction.

Visible light has energy on the scale of 1 eV and is used as a scattering probe to measure variations in material properties such as dielectric constant and refractive index.

However, it does absorb slightly more red light than blue, giving large volumes of water a bluish tint ; increased scattering of blue light due to fine particles in the water shifts the blue color toward green, for a typically cyan net color.

The scattering cross-section, σ < sub > scat </ sub >, is a hypothetical area which describes the likelihood of light ( or other radiation ) being scattered by a particle.

In general, the scattering cross-section is different from the geometrical cross-section of a particle, and it depends upon the wavelength of light and the permittivity, shape and size of the particle.

Multiple light scattering, coupled with vertical scanning, is the most widely used technique to monitor the dispersion state of a product that exists as an emulsion.

Glass has the ability to refract, reflect, and transmit light following geometrical optics, without scattering it.

However, blurring is not caused by random processes, such as light scattering, but can be well defined by the optical properties of the image formation in the microscope imaging system.

Effects of reflection, polarization, scattering, diffraction, and atmospheric absorption usually associated with visible light are of practical significance in the study of microwave propagation.

Polymers with a degree of crystallinity approaching zero or one will tend to be transparent, while polymers with intermediate degrees of crystallinity will tend to be opaque due to light scattering by crystalline or glassy regions.

Although these semiclassical models contributed to the development of quantum mechanics, many further experiments starting with Compton scattering of single photons by electrons, first observed in 1923, validated Einstein's hypothesis that light itself is quantized.

In 1926 the chemist Gilbert N. Lewis coined the name photon for these particles, and after 1927, when Arthur H. Compton won the Nobel Prize for his scattering studies, most scientists accepted the validity that quanta of light have an independent existence, and Lewis ' term photon for light quanta was accepted.

For the case of light alpha particles scattering off heavy nuclei, as in the experiment performed by Rutherford, the reduced mass is essentially the mass of the alpha particle and the nucleus off of which it scatters is essentially stationary in the lab frame.

Rayleigh scattering, named after the British physicist Lord Rayleigh, is the elastic scattering of light or other electromagnetic radiation by particles much smaller than the wavelength of the light.

The choice of scattering probe depends on the observation energy scale of interest.

) Thus, when Odo returned, he was able to launch a near complete surprise attack on the besieging force, scattering it at the first attack, and slaughtering units caught resting or that fled without weapons or armour.

The relationship between eV, eVr, and eVee depends on the medium the scattering takes place in, and must be established empirically for each material.

Hyperbolas arise in practice in many ways: as the curve representing the function in the Cartesian plane, as the appearance of a circle viewed from within it, as the path followed by the shadow of the tip of a sundial, as the shape of an open orbit ( as distinct from a closed and hence elliptical orbit ), such as the orbit of a spacecraft during a gravity assisted swing-by of a planet or more generally any spacecraft exceeding the escape velocity of the nearest planet, as the path of a single-apparition comet ( one travelling too fast to ever return to the solar system ), as the scattering trajectory of a subatomic particle ( acted on by repulsive instead of attractive forces but the principle is the same ), and so on.

* 1978 – Soviet satellite Cosmos 954, with a nuclear reactor on board, burns up in Earth's atmosphere, scattering radioactive debris over Canada's Northwest Territories.

Practical problems with this new electro-optical effect made Heilmeier continue to work on scattering effects in liquid crystals and finally the achievement of the first operational liquid crystal display based on what he called the dynamic scattering mode ( DSM ).

A neutron on its own is unstable ( see below ), but they can be found in nuclear reactions ( see neutron radiation ) and are used in scientific analysis ( see neutron scattering ).

Modern particle physics research is focused on subatomic particles, including atomic constituents such as electrons, protons, and neutrons ( protons and neutrons are composite particles called baryons, made of quarks ), produced by radioactive and scattering processes, such as photons, neutrinos, and muons, as well as a wide range of exotic particles.

Rutherford realized this, and also realized that actual impact of the alphas on gold causing any force-deviation from that of the 1 / r coulomb potential would change the form of his scattering curve at high scattering angles ( the smallest impact parameters ) from a hyperbola to something else.

The beam of a 5 mW green laser pointer is visible at night partly because of Rayleigh scattering on various particles and molecules present in air.

Here the scattering is due to the molecular polarizability α, which describes how much the electrical charges on the molecule will move in an electric field.

The strong contrast in refractive index between pores and solid parts of sintered alumina results in very strong scattering, with light completely changing direction each 5 micrometers on average.

* Removing the effects of Rayleigh scattering on a photo in Photoshop

There exist other physical processes that can lead to a shift in the frequency of electromagnetic radiation, including scattering and optical effects ; however, the resulting changes are distinguishable from true redshift and not generally referred as such ( see section on physical optics and radiative transfer ).

** Salting ( confidence trick ), process of adding valuable substances to a core sample, or otherwise scattering valuable resources on a piece of property to be " discovered " by a prospective buyer

* Raman optical activity spectroscopy exploits Raman scattering and optical activity effects to reveal detailed information on chiral centers in molecules.

* Small-angle scattering, a scattering technique based on the deflection of a beam of particles away from the straight trajectory after it interacts with a sample

No dark matter signal has been found, but for WIMP masses of 24 Gev / c < sup > 2 </ sup > new stringent limits have been obtained on the spin-dependent cross section for WIMP scattering on < sup > 19 </ sup > F of 13. 9 pb ( 90 % CL ).