* In astronomy, as an abbreviation for Anomalous X-ray pulsar

* Anomalous X-ray pulsar

Anomalous X-ray Pulsars ( AXPs ) are now widely believed to be magnetars — young, isolated, highly magnetized neutron stars.

* Anomalous scattering of light on Triton

A powerful solution is the Multi-wavelength Anomalous Diffraction ( MAD ) method.

Single-wavelength Anomalous Dispersion ( SAD ).

* “ Functionalism and Anomalous Monism ”, in Ernest LePore and Brian McLaughlin, eds., Actions and Events: Perspectives on the Philosophy of Donald Davidson ( Blackwell, Oxford, 1985 ), pp. 387 – 98

From 1984 – 1986, Kazuma Yamane studied the development of cute handwriting, which he called Anomalous Female Teenage Handwriting, in depth.

Anomalous theories have been studied in great detail and are often founded on the celebrated Atiyah – Singer index theorem or variations thereof ( see, for example, the chiral anomaly ).

An Anomalous Effect in Nitrogen ’ – an article describing no less than the first artificial transmutation of an element.

Clutter may also originate from multipath echoes from valid targets caused by ground reflection, atmospheric ducting or ionospheric reflection / refraction ( e. g. Anomalous propagation ).

An example of Anomalous operation would be the use of Psi to manipulate a random number generator into giving out pre-selected results, or causing a compass needle to change its heading.

Anomalous dispersion can also be used to produce group and phase velocities that are in different directions.

Davidson, for example, subscribes to Anomalous Monism, according to which there can be no strict psycho-physical laws which connect mental and physical events under their descriptions as mental and physical events.

Anomalous propagation can be a limiting factor for the propagation of radiowaves, especially the super refraction.

" Anomalous diffusion " commonly refers only to this very generic model, and not the many other possibilities that might be described as anomalous.

Anomalous operation, also known as anomalous perturbation, is any paranormal phenomena in which it is said that an individual ( a ) uses Psi ( parapsychology ) to influence a physical event, or ( b ) to effect a physical change, in object.

Cepheid variables are divided into several subclasses which exhibit markedly different masses, ages, and evolutionary histories: Classical Cepheids, Type II Cepheids, Anomalous Cepheids, and Dwarf Cepheids.

# Anomalous irregularities in the oscillation of the paraconical pendulum, with periodicity 24h50min, which corresponds to the tidal lunar day.

* Anomalous photovoltaic effect, a type of a photovoltaic effect which occurs in semiconducting materials

Anomalous planes are planes which do not fit into other categories.

Anomalous perturbations are divided into two categories based on the magnitude of its effects, Macro-AP and Micro-AP.

Anomalous dispersion happens in areas of rapid spectral variation with respect to the refractive index.

Anomalous dispersion plays a fundamental role in achieving backward propagating and superluminal light.

He was, for the final years of his life, president of the Association for the Scientific Study of Anomalous Phenomena.

Among these are the Koestler Parapsychology Unit at the University of Edinburgh ; the Parapsychology Research Group at Liverpool Hope University ( this closed in April 2011 ); the SOPHIA Project at the University of Arizona ; the Consciousness and Transpersonal Psychology Research Unit of Liverpool John Moores University ; the Center for the Study of Anomalous Psychological Processes at the University of Northampton ; and the Anomalistic Psychology Research Unit at Goldsmiths, University of London.

On the other hand, Anomalous Diffraction Theory applies to optically soft but larger particles.

* Anomalous increase of the astronomical unit: Recent measurements indicate that planetary orbits are widening faster than if this were solely through the sun losing mass by radiating energy.

Anomalous compared with the three distinctions already made is the small region of the Oltrepò Pavese, formed by the Apennine foothills beyond the Po River.

Anomalous meteorites are members of well-established groups that are different enough in some important property to merit distinction from the other members.

Anomalous propagation ( shorten as Anoprop ) includes different forms of electromagnetic ( EM ) wave propagation that are not encountered in a standard atmosphere due to a non standard distribution of temperature and humidity with height in the atmosphere.

Anomalous Propagation ( AP ) refers to false radar echoes usually observed when calm, stable atmospheric conditions, often associated with super refraction in a temperature inversion, direct the radar beam toward the ground.

Anomalous Propagation is different from ground clutter, ocean reflections ( sea clutter ), biological returns from birds and insects, debris, chaff, sand storms, volcanic eruption plumes, and other non-precipitation meteorological phenomena.

In 2011, Bem published the article " Feeling the Future: Experimental Evidence for Anomalous Retroactive Influences on Cognition and Affect " in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology that offered statistical evidence for psi.

* Nocturnal Lights ( NL ): Anomalous lights seen in the night sky.

* The Small-angle X-ray scattering intensity of a nanostructured system is the Fourier transform of the spatial autocorrelation function of the electron density.

Several condensed matter experiments involve scattering of an experimental probe, such as X-ray and optical photons, neutrons etc., off constituents of a material.

* X-ray scattering techniques

), and analytical techniques ( characterization techniques such as electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, calorimetry, nuclear microscopy ( HEFIB ), Rutherford backscattering, neutron diffraction, small-angle X-ray scattering ( SAXS ), etc.

If single crystals of sufficient size cannot be obtained, various other X-ray methods can be applied to obtain less detailed information ; such methods include fiber diffraction, powder diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering ( SAXS ).

For all above mentioned X-ray diffraction methods, the scattering is elastic ; the scattered X-rays have the same wavelength as the incoming X-ray.

By contrast, inelastic X-ray scattering methods are useful in studying excitations of the sample, rather than the distribution of its atoms.

As described in the mathematical derivation below, the X-ray scattering is determined by the density of electrons within the crystal.

Since the energy of an X-ray is much greater than that of a valence electron, the scattering may be modeled as Thomson scattering, the interaction of an electromagnetic ray with a free electron.

X-ray crystallography — or, strictly speaking, an inelastic Compton scattering experiment — has also provided evidence for the partly covalent character of hydrogen bonds.

X-ray crystallography is a form of elastic scattering ; the outgoing X-rays have the same energy, and thus same wavelength, as the incoming X-rays, only with altered direction.

By contrast, inelastic scattering occurs when energy is transferred from the incoming X-ray to the crystal, e. g., by exciting an inner-shell electron to a higher energy level.

Inelastic scattering is useful for probing such excitations of matter, but not in determining the distribution of scatterers within the matter, which is the goal of X-ray crystallography.

Other forms of elastic X-ray scattering include powder diffraction, SAXS and several types of X-ray fiber diffraction, which was used by Rosalind Franklin in determining the double-helix structure of DNA.

Laue scattering provides much structural information with only a short exposure to the X-ray beam, and is therefore used in structural studies of very rapid events ( Time resolved crystallography ).

Although electron, neutron, and X-ray scattering are based on different physical processes, the resulting diffraction patterns are analyzed using the same coherent diffraction imaging techniques.

Therefore, neutron scattering is very useful for observing the positions of light atoms with few electrons, especially hydrogen, which is essentially invisible in the X-ray diffraction.

For example, MAD phasing requires that the scattering be recorded at least three ( and usually four, for redundancy ) wavelengths of the incoming X-ray radiation.