of the scattering objects, while, in general, the statistical properties of near field

Typically, the theory and applications of emission, absorption, scattering of electromagnetic radiation ( light ) from excited atoms and molecules, analysis of spectroscopy, generation of lasers and masers, and the optical properties of matter in general, fall into these catergories.

In general, the broadening is intermediate between Lorentzian and Gaussian ; for an alloy it is somewhat closer to Gaussian because of strong scattering from statistical fluctuations in the local composition on a nanometer scale.

If the photon is of lower energy, but still has sufficient energy ( in general a few eV to a few keV, corresponding to visible light through soft X-rays ), it can eject an electron from its host atom entirely ( a process known as the photoelectric effect ), instead of undergoing Compton scattering.

As with any two charged objects, electrons and positrons may also interact with each other without annihilating, in general by elastic scattering.

Closed-form solutions for scattering by certain other simple shapes exist, but no general closed-form solution is known for arbitrary shapes.

* 1966: Zdenek Sekera for his numerous contributions to the dynamics of the atmosphere, which comprise studies of waves at interfaces, of the dynamics of the atmospheric jet stream, and especially of the brightness and polarization of sky light in a scattering atmosphere which led to the extension and application of Chandrasekhar's general theory of radiative transfer to atmospheric problems.

The most general mechanism by which a surface gives diffuse reflection does not involve exactly the surface: most of the light is contributed by scattering centers beneath the surface, as illustrated in Figure 1 at right.

In general, scattering due to inelastic collisions will be inelastic, but, since elastic collisions often transfer kinetic energy between particles, scattering due to elastic collisions can also be inelastic, as in Compton scattering ( see below ).

As noted at the start of the section, one of the more obvious effects of subsurface scattering is a general blurring of the diffuse lighting.

The " shape resonances " are discussed in general introductory academic courses of quantum mechanics in the frame of potential scattering phenomena.

The general alternative coordinate system in electromagnetic scattering is the Back Scattering Alignment ( BSA ) which is primarily used in radar.

In physics, the optical theorem is a general law of wave scattering theory, which relates the forward scattering amplitude to the total cross section of the scatterer.

Their study leads to a very fruitful approach for " integrating " such systems, the inverse scattering transform and more general inverse spectral methods ( often reducible to Riemann – Hilbert problems ),

Light scattering assays of protein kinetics is a very general technique that does not require an enzyme.

Unions may organize a particular section of skilled workers ( craft unionism, traditionally found in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the USA ), a cross-section of workers from various trades ( general unionism, traditionally found in Australia, Canada, Denmark, Netherlands, the UK and the USA ), or attempt to organize all workers within a particular industry ( industrial unionism, found in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Finland, Norway, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK, and the USA ).

For a waveguide or transmission line containing more than one type of dielectric medium ( such as microstrip ), the wave impedance will in general vary over the cross-section of the line.

The general size and shape of the body is the most important factor in form drag-bodies with a larger apparent cross-section will have a higher drag than thinner bodies.

Even more general is the generalized cylinder: the cross-section can be any curve.

In general, regular structured fibers such as photonic crystal fibers, have a cross-section ( normally uniform along the fiber length ) microstructured from one, two or more materials, most commonly ( because its easier to make ) arranged periodically over much of the cross-section, usually as a " cladding " surrounding a core ( or several cores ) where light is confined.

They are generally endless, and their general cross-section shape is trapezoidal.

In the postwar years, a thicker asphaltic concrete cross-section with full paved hard shoulders came into general use.

An affine transformation of this ruled surface produces a surface which in general has an elliptical cross-section rather than the circular cross-section produced by rotating L around L '; such surfaces are also called hyperboloids of one sheet, and again are ruled by two families of mutually skew lines.

The general acceptance of the idea of governmental ( i.e., societal ) responsibility for the economic well-being of the American people is surely one of the two most significant watersheds in American constitutional history.

Yet his concern even here is with a slowly changing socio-economic order in general, and he never deals with such specific aspects of this change as the urban and industrial impact.

The general effect is tragic.

It is different with his volume The Swedes And Their Chieftains ( Svenskarna och deras Hovdingar ), a history intended for the general reader and particularly suited for high school students.

The same command is repeated as many times as there are levels in rank from general to corporal.

Even the officer in charge, be it a captain ( for small display ) or a general, is restrained by monitoring.

And it is clearly argued by Lord Percy of Newcastle, in his remarkable long essay, The Heresy Of Democracy, and in a more general way by Voegelin, in his New Science Of Politics, that this same Rousseauan idea, descending through European democracy, is the source of Marx's theory of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

However, it was not of innocence in general that I was speaking, but of perhaps the frailest and surely the least important side of it which is innocence in romantic love.

It is my studied conviction that no nation will ever risk general war against us unless we should become so foolish as to neglect the defense forces we now so powerfully support.

Steele's purpose is to present a general defense of his political writing and a resume of the themes which had occupied him in the Englishman ; ;

Its truth is illustrated by the skill, sensitivity, and general expertise of the English professor with whom one attends the theatre.

One might argue that the ultimate purpose of literary scholarship is to correct this spontaneous provincialism that is likely to obscure the horizons of the general public, of the newspaper critic, and of the creative artist himself.

An idea, of the sort that we have in mind, although of necessity readily available to imagination, is more general in connotation than most poetic or literary images, especially those appearing in lyric poems that seek to capture a moment of personal experience.

Although open to the general public it is not overcrowded ; ;

Such a list must naturally be selective, and the treatment of each man is brief, for I am interested only in their general ideas on the moral measure of literature.

He assures us, early in the Poetics, that all art is `` imitation '' and that all imitation gives pleasure, but he distinguishes between art in general and poetic art on the basis of the means, manner, and the objects of the imitation.

There is a clear relationship between their educational evaluations and their basic pattern of general values.

One reason is, of course, that the new scepticism has been willing to maintain the general picture of the invasions as portrayed in the traditional sources.

One is impressed with the dignity, clarity and beauty of this new translation into contemporary English, and there is no doubt that the meaning of the Bible is more easily understandable to the general reader in contemporary language in the frequently archaic words and phrases of the King James.

Prof. C. H. Dodd, 76, a Congregational minister and a leading authority on the New Testament, is general director of the project and chairman of the New Testament panel.

According to Friends, the unit was organized by John Snook, a former World War 2, commando who is vice president and general manager of the telephone company.