* Antipope Constantine II

With the exception of Antipope Constantine, he was the only pope to take such a " quintessentially " Eastern name of an emperor.

In 768, Antipope Constantine II was held prisoner in this monastery, before being killed by the Lombards.

Antipope Constantine II was an antipope for over a year, from 28 June 767 to 6 August 768.

In the wake of the violent dispute over the election of Antipope Constantine II, Pope Stephen III held the synod of 769 which decreed that only a cardinal priest or cardinal deacon could be elected specifically excluding those that are already bishops.

In 355 Constantius became the sole Emperor and extended his pro-Arian policy toward the western provinces, frequently using force to push through his creed, even exiling Pope Liberius and installing Antipope Felix II.

Antipope Felix II was installed as Pope in 355 after the Emperor Constantius II banished the reigning Pope, Liberius, for refusing to subscribe the sentence of condemnation against Saint Athanasius.

This Felix was later confused with a Roman martyr named Felix, with the result that he was included in lists of the Popes as Felix II and that the succeeding Popes of the same name ( Pope Felix III and Pope Felix IV ) were given wrong numerals, as was Antipope Felix V.

He had taken part in the double papal election of 1130, had been one of the most determined opponents of Antipope Anacletus II and, when Pope Innocent II fled to France, had been left behind as his vicar in Italy.

On the death of Liberius on 24 September 366, one faction supported Ursinus ( or Ursicinus ), who had served as deacon to Liberius, while another faction, previously loyal to the Antipope Felix II, supported Damasus.

: See also, Antipope Honorius II, otherwise known as Peter Cadalus.

* 1130 – 1138: Papal schism, Pope Innocent II vs. Antipope Anacletus II.

* 1130: On Christmas Day, Roger II is crowned King of Sicily, the royal title being given to him by the Antipope Anacletus II.

* Honorius II, Antipope

* With the backing of Antipope John XXIII, supporters of Louis II overthrow the underage King Ladislaus as King of Naples.

* Felix II ( excluding Antipope Felix II ), Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, p. 483 – 492

* December 25 – Antipope Anacletus crowns Roger II of Sicily king.

* January 24 – Pope Nicholas II succeeds Pope Stephen IX as the 155th Pope, installed in opposition to Antipope Benedict X.

* January 25 – Antipope Anacletus II

In 1130 he was again appointed legate to Germany by Pope Innocent II, where he was instrumental in convincing Lothair III to make two expeditions to Italy for the purpose of protecting Pope Innocent II against the Antipope Anacletus II.

Now, encouraged by Lucius II's defeat, the Senate, led by Giordano Pierleoni, brother of the former Antipope Anacletus II, rebelled against Lucius II, driving out the papal prefects and establishing the Commune of Rome.

The last words he uttered were, ‘ I have loved justice and hated iniquity, and therefore I die in exile .” Gregory VII must have felt he died in utter failure, and to many of his contemporaries it appeared Henry IV and Antipope Clement III had won.

Between Leo IV and Benedict III, where Martinus Polonus places her, she cannot be inserted, because Leo IV died 17 July 855, and immediately after his death Benedict III was elected by the clergy and people of Rome ; but, owing to the setting up of an Antipope, in the person of the deposed Cardinal Anastasius, he was not consecrated until 29 September.

Antipope Boniface VII ( Franco Ferrucci, died July 20, 985 ), was an antipope ( 974, 984 – 985 ).

Finally, on a charge of conspiring to kill Christophorus and many other nobles, with the intent of handing over the city to the Lombards, the priest Waldipert, who was the prime mover in the elevation of the Antipope Philip, was arrested, blinded, and soon died of his wounds.

Pope Leo VIII ( died 1 March 965 ), a Roman by birth, is considered by the Church an Antipope from 963 to 964 and a true Pope from 964 to 965.

* Antipope Theodoric ( died 1102 )

Though Stephen died before being able to return to Rome, Agnes ' help was instrumental in letting Hildebrand depose the Antipope and with Agnes ' support replace him by the Bishop of Florence, Nicholas II.

Antipope Boniface VII ( 974, 984 – 985 ), on the strength of the popular feeling against the new Pope, returned from Constantinople and placed John XIV in prison in the Castel Sant ' Angelo, where he died either from starvation or poison.

Anacletus II ( died January 25, 1138 ), born Pietro Pierleoni, was an Antipope who ruled from 1130 to his death, in a schism against the contested, hasty election of Pope Innocent II.

Antipope Eulalius ( died 423 ) was an antipope who reigned from December 418 to April 419, although elected the day before Pope Boniface I.

Antipope Callixtus III or Callistus III ( died before October 19, 1183 ) was Antipope from September 1168 to 29 August 1178.

However, Dioscurus died less than a month after the election, allowing Boniface to be consecrated Pope and Dioscurus branded an Antipope.

Antipope Clement III died on September 8, 1100.

Antipope Philip was pope for just one day, on ( July 31, 768 ).

The validity of the dating methodology has subsequently been called into question, and the age of the shroud is still the subject of much debate despite the existence of a 1389 Memorandum by Bishop Pierre D ' Arcis to the Avignon Antipope Clement VII mentioning that the image had previously been denounced by his predecessor Henri de Poitiers ( Bishop of Troyes 1353-1370 ), stating " Eventually, after diligent inquiry and examination, he discovered how the said cloth had been cunningly painted, the truth being attested by the artist who had painted it, to wit, that it was a work of human skill and not miraculously wrought or bestowed.

Gregory was chosen at Rome in 1406 by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals under the express condition that, should Antipope Benedict XIII ( 1394 – 1423 ), the rival papal claimant at Avignon, renounce all claim to the Papacy, he would also renounce his, so that a fresh election might be made and the Western Schism ( 1378 – 1417 ) could be ended.

The Council then set aside Antipope John XXIII ( 1410 – 15 ), the successor of Alexander V. After the former follower of Benedict XIII appeared, the council declared him deposed ; and the Great Schism was ended.

Pope Innocent VII ( probably1339 – 6 November 1406 ), born Cosimo de ' Migliorati, was briefly Pope at Rome between 1404 and 1406 during the period of the Western Schism ( 1378 – 1417 ) while there was a rival Pope, Antipope Benedict XIII, at Avignon.

* Canon 2 declared null an void those ordinations performed by the antipopes Octavian ( Victor IV ), Guy of Crema ( Paschal III ), and John de Struma ( Antipope Callixtus III ).

* Amedeo VIII, later known as Antipope Felix V, married Mary of Burgundy ( 1380 – 1422 ), daughter of Philip the Bold

Pope / Antipope Benedict X ( d. 1073 / 1080 ), was born John Mincius, and later became Cardinal Bishop of Velletri.

" = eight months ), but also the duration of his ensuing imprisonment by Antipope Boniface VII, " per IV menses " (" for four months ").

* Nicholas is also the name of five popes ( Pope Nicholas I, Pope Nicholas II, Pope Nicholas III, Pope Nicholas IV, and Pope Nicholas V ), Antipope Nicholas V and four Patriarchs of Constantinople of which best known are Nicholas Mystikos, and Nicholas III Grammatikos

* Antipope Benedict XIII ( 1328 – 1423 ), based in Avignon, France in opposition to the Pope in Rome

However, that does not necessarily mean an end to Jewish Christianity, any more than Valerian's Massacre of 258, ( when he killed all Christian bishops, presbyters, and deacons, including Pope Sixtus II and Antipope Novatian and Cyprian of Carthage ), meant an end to Roman Christianity.

A cleric, he was appointed to the Imperial chancellorship for Italy by the Empress Agnes in 1058, which position he held until 1063 .< ref > Carlo Dolcini, " Clement III, antipapa ", Enciclopedia dei Papi, Rome, 2000: < http :// www. treccani. it / enciclopedia / clemente-iii_ % 28Enciclopedia_dei_Papi % 29 />; Charles A. Coulombe, Vicars of Christ: A History of the Popes, ( Kensington Publishing Corp., 2003 ), 218 .</ ref > In 1058 he participated in the election of Pope Nicholas II but on his death in 1061, he sided with the philo-imperial party to elect Cadalous of Parma as Antipope Honorius II against Pope Alexander II.

The last Pope to resign was Pope Gregory XII ( 1406 – 1415 ), who did so to end the Western Schism, which had reached the point where there were three claimants to the Paypal throne, Roman Pope Gregory XII, Avignon Antipope Benedict XIII, and Pisan Antipope John XXIII.

These setbacks however didn't necessarily mean an end to Jewish Christianity, any more than Valerian's Massacre of 258, ( when he killed all Christian bishops, presbyters, and deacons, including Pope Sixtus II and Antipope Novatian and Cyprian of Carthage ), meant an end to Roman Christianity.

The first column contained the motto, the second the name of the Pope or Antipope to whom it was attached ( with occasional errors ), and the third an attempted explanation or justification of the name.

* Antipope John VIII ( 844 ), in opposition to Pope Sergius II