# REDIRECT Antipope Eulalius

In 418, Honorius settled a controversial election, upholding Pope Boniface I over the challenger Antipope Eulalius.

* Antipope Constantine II ( died 768 ), antipope from 767 – 768

The last words he uttered were, ‘ I have loved justice and hated iniquity, and therefore I die in exile .” Gregory VII must have felt he died in utter failure, and to many of his contemporaries it appeared Henry IV and Antipope Clement III had won.

Between Leo IV and Benedict III, where Martinus Polonus places her, she cannot be inserted, because Leo IV died 17 July 855, and immediately after his death Benedict III was elected by the clergy and people of Rome ; but, owing to the setting up of an Antipope, in the person of the deposed Cardinal Anastasius, he was not consecrated until 29 September.

Antipope Boniface VII ( Franco Ferrucci, died July 20, 985 ), was an antipope ( 974, 984 – 985 ).

Finally, on a charge of conspiring to kill Christophorus and many other nobles, with the intent of handing over the city to the Lombards, the priest Waldipert, who was the prime mover in the elevation of the Antipope Philip, was arrested, blinded, and soon died of his wounds.

Pope Leo VIII ( died 1 March 965 ), a Roman by birth, is considered by the Church an Antipope from 963 to 964 and a true Pope from 964 to 965.

* Antipope Theodoric ( died 1102 )

Though Stephen died before being able to return to Rome, Agnes ' help was instrumental in letting Hildebrand depose the Antipope and with Agnes ' support replace him by the Bishop of Florence, Nicholas II.

Antipope Boniface VII ( 974, 984 – 985 ), on the strength of the popular feeling against the new Pope, returned from Constantinople and placed John XIV in prison in the Castel Sant ' Angelo, where he died either from starvation or poison.

Anacletus II ( died January 25, 1138 ), born Pietro Pierleoni, was an Antipope who ruled from 1130 to his death, in a schism against the contested, hasty election of Pope Innocent II.

Antipope Callixtus III or Callistus III ( died before October 19, 1183 ) was Antipope from September 1168 to 29 August 1178.

However, Dioscurus died less than a month after the election, allowing Boniface to be consecrated Pope and Dioscurus branded an Antipope.

Antipope Clement III died on September 8, 1100.

He was one of the seven cardinals who, in May 1408, deserted Pope Gregory XII, and, with those following Antipope Benedict XIII from Avignon, convened the Council of Pisa, of which Cossa became the leader.

Antipope Felix II was installed as Pope in 355 after the Emperor Constantius II banished the reigning Pope, Liberius, for refusing to subscribe the sentence of condemnation against Saint Athanasius.

This Felix was later confused with a Roman martyr named Felix, with the result that he was included in lists of the Popes as Felix II and that the succeeding Popes of the same name ( Pope Felix III and Pope Felix IV ) were given wrong numerals, as was Antipope Felix V.

Henry IV ’ s insistence that Antipope Clement III was the real pope had initially been popular with some of the nobles, and even many of the bishops of Germany.

Riots broke out in Germany, a new Antipope Gregory VIII was appointed by the German king, nobles loyal to Rome seceded from Henry.

The validity of the dating methodology has subsequently been called into question, and the age of the shroud is still the subject of much debate despite the existence of a 1389 Memorandum by Bishop Pierre D ' Arcis to the Avignon Antipope Clement VII mentioning that the image had previously been denounced by his predecessor Henri de Poitiers ( Bishop of Troyes 1353-1370 ), stating " Eventually, after diligent inquiry and examination, he discovered how the said cloth had been cunningly painted, the truth being attested by the artist who had painted it, to wit, that it was a work of human skill and not miraculously wrought or bestowed.

This was the first time in over 500 years that this name had been chosen ; previous Popes had avoided its use since the time of the Antipope John XXIII during the Western Schism.

In 1409 he took part in the Council of Pisa, and was one of the supporters of Antipope Alexander V. Later he confirmed his allegiance to another antipope, John XXIII, by whom his family obtained several privileges, while Oddone obtained for himself the vicariate of Todi, Orvieto, Perugia and Umbria.

After deposing Antipope John XXIII in 1415, the Council was long divided by the conflicting claims of Pope Gregory XII ( 1406 – 15 ) and Antipope Benedict XIII ( 1394 – 1423 ).

During the western schism he supported Antipope Benedict XIII, and was the driving force behind Antipope Clement VIII's submission to Pope Martin V in 1429.

Gregory was chosen at Rome in 1406 by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals under the express condition that, should Antipope Benedict XIII ( 1394 – 1423 ), the rival papal claimant at Avignon, renounce all claim to the Papacy, he would also renounce his, so that a fresh election might be made and the Western Schism ( 1378 – 1417 ) could be ended.

The Council then set aside Antipope John XXIII ( 1410 – 15 ), the successor of Alexander V. After the former follower of Benedict XIII appeared, the council declared him deposed ; and the Great Schism was ended.

Siricius was elected Bishop of Rome unanimously, despite attempts by the Antipope Ursinus to promote himself.

His pontifical name was used again by Antipope Theodoric because, at that time, he was not considered a legitimate pontiff.

All real power now devolved onto Theophylact, and Sergius essentially became his puppet, and perhaps the first clear sign of this shift in power was the fate of Sergius ’ two predecessors, Pope Leo V and the Antipope Christopher.

However, he resumed the practice of lay investiture ( appointment of religious officials by civil authorities ) and arranged the election of an antipope ( Antipope Clement III ) in 1080.

* Antipope John VIII, antipope in 844

Antipope Constantine II was an antipope for over a year, from 28 June 767 to 6 August 768.

Adalbert or Albert or Aleric () was an Italian cardinal and suburbicarian bishop of Santa Rufina elected as antipope in January 1101 by the imperial party in Rome following the arrest and imprisonment of Antipope Theodoric.

* Antipope Celestine II, antipope for one day: December 16, 1124

For the previous reigning antipope, see Antipope Victor IV ( 1138 ).

For the antipope from 1159 – 1164, see Antipope Victor IV

* Antipope Benedict X ( considered by some to be pope, but officially an antipope )

* Antipope Callixtus III, antipope from 1168 to 1178

However, the dispute between Alexander III, Antipope Victor IV and his successors Antipope Paschal III and Antipope Calixtus III ( who had the German imperial support ) continued until Frederick Barbarossa's defeat at the Legnano in 1176, after which Barbarossa finally ( in the Peace of Venice of 1177 ) recognized Alexander III as pope.

On the death of Liberius on 24 September 366, one faction supported Ursinus ( or Ursicinus ), who had served as deacon to Liberius, while another faction, previously loyal to the Antipope Felix II, supported Damasus.

For a time, Boniface served as Pope in competition with the Antipope Dioscorus, who had been elected by most of the priests of Rome.

By the time the Antipope Christopher ( 903 – 904 ) seized the chair of Saint Peter by force, circumstances had changed at Rome, with the rise of the magister militum Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, who had been stationed at Rome by the retreating emperor Louis the Blind in 902.

" The theologian Peter Damian even asserts that Theophanu had a love affair with John Philagathos, a Greek monk who briefly reigned as Antipope John XVI.

He twice excommunicated Henry, who in the end appointed Antipope Clement III to oppose him in the political power struggles between the Catholic Church and his empire.

The Antipope Boniface VII, who had spend nine years in exile in the Byzantine Empire, joined forces with Byzantine nobles in southern Italy and marched on Rome in April 984 in order to claim the papal throne for himself.

This custom also affected the name taken by Antipope Felix V, who would have been the fourth Pope Felix.

Later that year he returned to Tyrol, where he joined the Elefantenbund, an alliance of noblemen against Friedrich IV, who had been banned by King Sigismund for aiding the flight of Antipope John XXIII from the Council of Constance.

Pope Innocent II, with the Church's possessions in Italy under threat by Roger II, who supported Antipope Anacletus II, was also party to the alliance of Lothair and John II.

In 1058, Antipope Benedict X, who opposed much of the reform movement, gave Stigand a pallium.

Ladislaus refused this claim and he probably accepted the legitimacy of Antipope Clement III, who had been elected by the followers of the Holy Roman Emperor.

Gregory levied a second excommunication against Henry, who ultimately won the civil war, invaded Rome, and forced Gregory to flee, replacing him with Antipope Clement III.

The Novatianists were early Christians following Antipope Novatian, held a strict view that refused readmission to communion of Lapsi, those baptized Christians who had denied their faith or performed the formalities of a ritual sacrifice to the pagan gods, under the pressures of the persecution sanctioned by Emperor Decius, in AD 250.

Nevertheless, on the eighth of November four decrees were published, all of them directed against easy targets: against the followers of the heretical reformers, Jan Hus, recently burnt at the stake at the Council of Constance, safe conduct or no, and against the English followers of John Wyclif, who claimed that the highest authority was the Bible ; against the followers of the schismatic Antipope Benedict XIII ; a decree postponing the negotiations with the Greeks and other Eastern Orthodox churches ( which were later worked into acceptable compromises in the long working sessions of the Council of Florence, 1438 to 1445 ); and a decree advising greater vigilance against heresy, the easiest target of all.

A peace was eventually signed on 14 June 1412, by which the Antipope paid 75, 000 florins, invested Ladislaus with the Neapolitan crown and named him as Gonfalonier ; the King promised in turn to abandon the cause of Gregory XII, who was ousted from Gaeta and moved to Rimini.

The Tusculan Papacy was finally ended by the election of Pope Nicholas II, who was assisted by Hildebrand of Sovana against Antipope Benedict X. Hildebrand was elected Pope Gregory VII in 1073 and introduced the Gregorian Reforms, increasing the power and independence of the papacy.

He was a strong and early supporter of Frederick Barbarossa, and also supported Antipope Victor IV, who made him a cardinal-bishop of Albano.